{"id":87192,"date":"2025-05-25T23:20:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-25T16:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec1.uptech.vn\/?p=87192"},"modified":"2025-05-25T23:20:42","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T16:20:42","slug":"cau-hoi-phong-van-project-manager","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-project-manager\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 15+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager k\u00e8m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-project-manager\/#Mo_ta_vi_tri_Project_Manager\" >M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Project Manager<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-project-manager\/#15_cau_hoi_phong_van_Project_Manager_kem_cau_tra_loi_chi_tiet\" >15+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager k\u00e8m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-project-manager\/#Tong_ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IT th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd x\u1eed l\u00fd xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong nh\u00f3m, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Project Manager l\u00e0 ai, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mo_ta_vi_tri_Project_Manager\"><\/span><b> M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Project Manager<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Project Manager l\u00e0 ai?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project Manager IT l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n IT \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh doanh quan tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Project Manager bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m IT kh\u00e1c nhau, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cho l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Project Manager l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Project Manager<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Project Manager c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IT kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/luong-project-manager\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>L\u01b0\u01a1ng Project Manager 2025 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng PM<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_cau_hoi_phong_van_Project_Manager_kem_cau_tra_loi_chi_tiet\"><\/span><b> 15+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager k\u00e8m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b> C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo chu\u1ea9n PMI s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o (Initiating)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (Planning)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c thi (Executing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t &amp; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (Monitoring &amp; Controlling)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00f3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Closing)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u Project Manager x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh,\u00a0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0n giao c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, Project Manager c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, Project Manager x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Project Manager \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, Project Manager x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac: Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u00e0n giao v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00fap l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Agile, Lean, Waterfall, PRINCE2,&#8230; nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1eebng nhu c\u1ea7u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t framework li\u00ean quan cung c\u1ea5p cho Project Manager c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: framework qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Scrum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile. Framework Kanban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Lean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Waterfall v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n framework ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Agile v\u00e0 Waterfall?<\/b><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/agile-la-gi-scrum-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Agile<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td><b>Waterfall<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agile l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agile th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall (th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 logic r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chia quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc &#8211; c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cho t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Waterfall.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Agile l\u00e0 gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Agile khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u00f9y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n s\u1edbm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m A \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m B, gi\u00fap Project Manager x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0n giao \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trong Agile l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agile linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/agilemanifesto.org\/principles.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agile Manifesto<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i \u201cCung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Waterfall c\u00f3 khung th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cao<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><b>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Agile v\u00e0 Waterfall?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Waterfall ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Waterfall ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong su\u1ed1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cam k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Agile ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c khi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch eo h\u1eb9p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong khi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c. R\u1ee7i ro th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n ngu\u1ed3n: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c CMS, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec: L\u00ean ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; D\u1ef1 to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c; Scope creep; Chi ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u0103ng l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c;&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, t\u00ednh thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 l\u00ean th\u1eddi gian: Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9m, r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: Th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m RAID trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RAID l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a R\u1ee7i ro (Risk), Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (Assumption), V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (Issue) v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (Dependencies). Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n RAID gi\u00fap Project Manager c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro: R\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chung c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch RAID, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh: M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea1n tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh chung c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n RAID r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ra b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa\/ X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 (Fishbone)?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa, hay s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1, l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Project Manager v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c \u201ctri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng\u201d b\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 6 ch\u1eef M: Manpower, Machine, Method, Material, Measurement v\u00e0 Mother nature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 3 ch\u1eef M: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tinh gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a 6 ch\u1eef M, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i Manpower, Machine v\u00e0 Material.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 8 ch\u1eef P: Procedures, Policies, Place, Product, People, Processes, Price v\u00e0 Promotion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 4 ch\u1eef S: Supplies, System, Surrounding v\u00e0 Skill.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u00e2n theo \u201c6 ch\u1eef M\u201d l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manpower &#8211; nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machine &#8211; m\u00e1y m\u00f3c: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methods &#8211; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Materials &#8211; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay ch\u01b0a, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hay ch\u01b0a,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measurement &#8211; \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mother nature &#8211; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m cho thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b> C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (Work Breakdown Structure &#8211; WBS) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (WBS) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tay t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u00e1ch Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PMBOK) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PMI) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac WBS tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1eb9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i WBS:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a WBS.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Pareto l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Pareto?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Pareto n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng 80% l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 20% c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, 80% v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb 20% nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Pareto \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Pareto, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 5 Whys, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (Cause and Effect), ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n G\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 (Root Cause) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u201cCh\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e0ng cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau theo nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chung. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y c\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cao, \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e3y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Pareto \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ee7i ro hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ee7i ro hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng r\u1ee7i ro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><b>B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 tam gi\u00e1c ba r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, theo \u0111\u00f3 <\/span><b>th\u1eddi gian (time)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (scope)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e0 <\/span><b>ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c (money)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> l\u00e0 ba r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam gi\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ba h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Project Manager, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ba r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ba r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00edt nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: chi ph\u00ed thu\u00ea thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ba r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u201cGold plating\u201d trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gold Plating l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Gold Plating kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u01a1n cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed, r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c n\u00e0o v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cgold plating\u201d. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Project Manager chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gold Plating xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean do sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u01b0u \u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i sai v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Che gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u201cgold plating\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian khi team development th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00ecn chung, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u00eam c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u201cScope creep\u201d trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cScope creep\u201d x\u1ea3y ra khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf) ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian, chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh quy, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t trang web cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Front-End Developer trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf, tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Front-End Developer \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Ki\u1ec3u scope creep n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scope creep l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh do kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 PM kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh scope creep, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Project Manager. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201cgold plating\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cscope creep\u201d?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scope creep v\u00e0 gold plating kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i sau: Scope creep l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f2n Gold plating l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> t\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3 gold plating v\u00e0 scope creep \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00eau ra. Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Product Breakdown Structure &#8211; PBS) l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i. Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, PBS mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PBS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Product Log v\u00e0 Product Description m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Project Manager x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb PBS, Project Manager ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Product Flow Diagram \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00ean s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0m r\u00f5 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng scope creep.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, Project Manager c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh (x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m). Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong documentation, trong khi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, Project Manager v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nhau trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Trong khi Project Manager qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ec k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Project Manager v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khi chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1eef cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Earned Value Analysis &#8211; EVA):<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n PMBOK, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0: \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed. N\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (EVA) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p Project Manager \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. Hay n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch chi ph\u00ed gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang \u1edf ph\u00eda sau ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao xa trong quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, Project Manager c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau hao\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf:<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ee7i ro, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thay th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, Project Manager c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u00f4n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n trong su\u1ed1t bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00eau th\u00eam v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-tro-thanh-project-manager\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Project Manager trong ng\u00e0nh IT chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IT th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd x\u1eed l\u00fd xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong nh\u00f3m, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":87281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[105,94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phong-van-it","category-su-nghiep-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Top 15+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager k\u00e8m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-project-manager\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Top 15+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager k\u00e8m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Project Manager trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IT th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp. 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