{"id":80276,"date":"2025-01-17T19:13:36","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T12:13:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=80276"},"modified":"2025-09-28T00:03:05","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T17:03:05","slug":"cau-hoi-phong-van-tester","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester\/#Cau_hoi_phong_van_Tester_danh_cho_Fresher\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho Fresher<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester\/#Cau_hoi_phong_van_Tester_danh_cho_Junior_Middle\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho Junior\/ Middle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester\/#Cau_hoi_phong_van_Tester_danh_cho_Senior\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho Senior<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester\/#Tong_ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><b><i>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho Tester, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp sau khi tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e0nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Fresher\/ M\u1edbi ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Junior v\u00e0 Middle<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Senior tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Tham kh\u1ea3o <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/it-jobs\/tester?utm_medium=anchor_text_high&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_tester&amp;utm_content=cau_hoi_phong_van_tester\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Tester<\/a><\/strong> tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-ph\u1ecfng-v\u1ea5n-tester-danh-cho-fresher\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_phong_van_Tester_danh_cho_Fresher\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho Fresher<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-d\u01a1n-v\u1ecb-unit-testing-la-gi\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (unit testing) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Unit Test l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb hay th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb code c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t class ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t module. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i code x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n code v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang sau n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c thi code v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1edbp nhau th\u00ec ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-test-scenario-test-script-and-test-case-trong-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch test scenario, test script, and test case trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Test case:<\/strong> Test case l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t test case bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Test scenario:<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t test scenario cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Test script:<\/strong> Trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, test script \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong document.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-vong-d\u1eddi-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-software-testing-life-cycle-stlc\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Testing Life Cycle &#8211; STLC)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (STLC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m QA tu\u00e2n theo khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m QA theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong STLC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 test coverage cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong STLC:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, Tester c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Developer, BA, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, product owner, v.v.) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u201cMa tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u201d (Requirement Traceability Matrix &#8211; RTM). T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n test case:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng (manual) hay t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (automated), b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 test case s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 test case n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3i chung, trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, Tester vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a test case v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, test case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng script b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng framework t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, nh\u01b0 Selenium, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o test low-code, nh\u01b0 Katalon.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nh\u00f3m QA thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, t\u1eeb xa ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nh\u00f3m QA chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c test case, test script v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>K\u1ebft th\u00fac chu tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c Tester s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c test, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n STLC.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nguyen-t\u1eafc-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-la-gi\"><b>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u201d b\u1edfi b\u1ea3y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>L\u1ed7i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i<\/strong>: Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c test case c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 test case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qua m\u1ecdi test case s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, v.v., \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m l\u1ed7i<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c module trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Theo Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Pareto, 80% l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb 20% module.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y \u0111i ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t test case. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c test case m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1edbm<\/strong>: Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1edbm l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a SDLC, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/strong>: C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t trang web c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Android.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-s\u1ef1-khac-bi\u1ec7t-gi\u1eefa-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ch\u1ee9c-nang-va-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-phi-ch\u1ee9c-nang-la-gi\"><b>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/b><\/td><td><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a developer v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c minh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c minh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed: Ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v.v.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m\u1ee5c-dich-c\u1ee7a-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-la-gi-lam-th\u1ebf-nao-d\u1ec3-b\u1ea1n-t\u1ea1o-m\u1ed9t-b\u1ed9-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-dataset-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-hi\u1ec7u-qu\u1ea3\"><b>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (dataset) ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng staging, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 test case nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Tester c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng? D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110a d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7\/kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7\/ranh gi\u1edbi, k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v.v.)? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\/t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf hay l\u1edbn?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\/b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c test case kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a test case n\u00e0y c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a test case kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-shift-left-testing-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-d\u1ecbch-chuy\u1ec3n-trai-la-gi\"><b>Shift left testing (Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1i) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1edbm h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed sang c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, shift right testing hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong production, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng sau khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c Developer s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng insight \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-d\u1ecbch-chuy\u1ec3n-trai-khac-v\u1edbi-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-d\u1ecbch-chuy\u1ec3n-ph\u1ea3i-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td><td><b>Shift Left Testing<\/b><\/td><td><b>Shift Right Testing<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1edbm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed sau khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u0129nh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u0103m d\u00f2, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa Developer v\u00e0 Tester ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c defect<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng production v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed do c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong production<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1eddi gian ra m\u1eaft<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nhanh h\u01a1n do ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agile v\u00e0 DevOps<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile v\u00e0 DevOps<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ed5 sung DevOps b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng production<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t SDLC<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c defect l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i s\u1edbm<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-defect-la-gi-va-b\u1ea1n-bao-cao-defect-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao-cho-hi\u1ec7u-qu\u1ea3\"><b>Defect l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o defect nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defect l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bug v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o defect\/ bug m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c developer gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 Jira, Bugzilla ho\u1eb7c GitHub Issues \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cung c\u1ea5p ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cao bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, h\u00e0nh vi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v.v.).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00eam \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-vong-d\u1eddi-c\u1ee7a-defect\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a defect<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a defect l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 defect ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Chu tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi m\u1ed9t defect \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi defect \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ed7i: theo quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf tr\u00ean minh h\u1ecda v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a bug, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tester th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tester b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project lead, Project manager v\u00e0 Tester xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 n\u00ean s\u1eeda ch\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c developer s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Developer \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Developer s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n bug th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb Tester v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tester cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tester x\u00e1c minh b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tester s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-s\u1ef1-khac-bi\u1ec7t-gi\u1eefa-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-th\u1ee7-cong-va-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-t\u1ef1-d\u1ed9ng-la-gi\"><b>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn test case c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra \u201chuman error\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ad-hoc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u0103m d\u00f2 (exploratory testing). Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cho nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c test case n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ea9n, ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c test case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc: S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, Tester c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem test case c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hay kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh, th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/selenium-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Selenium testing l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi Selenium<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-kim-t\u1ef1-thap-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-test-pyramid\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (Test Pyramid)?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test Pyramid l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test Pyramid bao g\u1ed3m ba l\u1edbp: ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n code nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00ec ch\u00fang x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb code ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c developer b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed UI (giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng). Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ch\u00fang x\u00e1c minh giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n trong chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong code c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, trong khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p cao \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u1ebd x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cao v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mo-t\u1ea3-s\u1ef1-khac-bi\u1ec7t-gi\u1eefa-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-h\u1ed9p-den-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-h\u1ed9p-tr\u1eafng-va-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-h\u1ed9p-xam\"><b>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p \u0111en, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p x\u00e1m<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p \u0111en<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac code n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tester coi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ed9p \u0111en\u201d &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p tr\u1eafng<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong, logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai code c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tester c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c test case. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a code, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh, nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p x\u00e1m<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p \u0111en v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p tr\u1eafng. Tester c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin cung c\u1ea5p cho tester b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p \u0111en v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p tr\u1eafng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-khai-ni\u1ec7m-ci-cd\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m CI\/CD<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CI\/CD l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Continuous Integration (T\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 Continuous Delivery (Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c Tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a CI\/CD l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i code t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u developer v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chung. C\u00e1c developer commit c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i code c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i commit s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng code m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi codebase hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai. V\u1edbi CD, m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n CI s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tri\u1ec3n khai sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng staging ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lam-th\u1ebf-nao-d\u1ec3-d\u1ea3m-b\u1ea3o-ph\u1ea1m-vi-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-toan-di\u1ec7n-trong-qua-trinh-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed\"><b>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o r\u1ee7i ro: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed theo h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n test script k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c test script gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u0103m d\u00f2: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n test \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Code Coverage: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi code trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh code \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c test case t\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c test case \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 coverage theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-k\u1ebf-ho\u1ea1ch-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-la-gi-va-bao-g\u1ed3m-nh\u1eefng-gi\"><b>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00fd do ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0n giao<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bao-cao-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-la-gi-bao-g\u1ed3m-nh\u1eefng-gi\"><b>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap Tester quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh hay ch\u01b0a. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defect<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft test<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-api-la-gi\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (API) \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a API.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba l\u1edbp:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, L\u1edbp nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf l\u1edbp ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, L\u1edbp nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/khoa-hoc-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Tester: 10+ kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Tester cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-ph\u1ecfng-v\u1ea5n-tester-danh-cho-junior-middle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_phong_van_Tester_danh_cho_Junior_Middle\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho Junior\/ Middle<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-phap-t\u1ed1t-nh\u1ea5t-d\u1ec3-vi\u1ebft-test-case-la-gi\"><b>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft test case l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft test case t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c test case r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c test case th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c test case \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c test case l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c test case \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c test case.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c test case \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c test case c\u00f3 t\u00ednh module v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c test case \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c test case \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-b\u1ea1n-s\u1eafp-x\u1ebfp-m\u1ee9c-d\u1ed9-\u01b0u-tien-c\u1ee7a-cac-test-case-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><b>B\u1ea1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c test case nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 test case nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c test case:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc (c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh, module ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, module c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1ed7i)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c test case cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t: \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u00e1c test case cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p: T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c test case cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c script quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u00e1c test case li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c script quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u01afu ti\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan: T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u00ednh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 project manager, product owner v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mo-hinh-ch\u1eef-v-trong-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-la-gi-no-khac-v\u1edbi-mo-hinh-thac-n\u01b0\u1edbc-waterfall-truy\u1ec1n-th\u1ed1ng-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc (waterfall) truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef \u201cV\u201d. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mo-t\u1ea3-khai-ni\u1ec7m-phat-tri\u1ec3n-d\u1ef1a-tren-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-test-driven-development-tdd-va-no-\u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao-d\u1ebfn-qua-trinh-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed\"><b>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (Test-driven Development &#8211; TDD) v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TDD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c test case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc code th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft code \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y. TDD \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nh\u1eefng-thach-th\u1ee9c-ph\u1ed5-bi\u1ebfn-trong-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-\u1ee9ng-d\u1ee5ng-di-d\u1ed9ng-la-gi\"><b>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00ec c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau (3G, 4G, Wi-Fi) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t App Store: C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a App Store v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n: Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn, tin nh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng pin y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (CPU, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m\u1ed9t-s\u1ed1-s\u1ed1-li\u1ec7u-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-quan-tr\u1ecdng-la-gi\"><b>\u200b\u200bM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao cho ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c Developer v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 do l\u1ed7i trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n so v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i theo th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i theo khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\/t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1eeda<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft bug v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bug\/ th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o so v\u1edbi l\u1ed7i do tester t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-v\u1ec1-sanity-testing-trong-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 sanity testing trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef sanity testing \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanity testing \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi code kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sanity test s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi code \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t checkpoint, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00eam hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanity testing t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed chi ti\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a sanity testing:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c document l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanity test th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c script.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u00e2u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tester th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m\u1ed1i-quan-h\u1ec7-gi\u1eefa-th\u1ef1c-t\u1ebf-moi-tr\u01b0\u1eddng-va-cac-giai-do\u1ea1n-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-la-gi\"><b>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi: Trong khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c 100% ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt 100%:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"814\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro.jpg\" alt=\"c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tester - itviec blog\" class=\"wp-image-84181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro.jpg 814w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro-640x503.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro-200x157.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro-768x604.jpg 768w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro-100x79.jpg 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester-26-vippro-572x450.jpg 572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 814px) 100vw, 814px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ng\u1eabu-nhien-la-gi\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-d\u1ef1a-tren-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-nao-d\u1ec3-b\u1ea1n-co-th\u1ec3-d\u01b0a-ra-\u01b0\u1edbc-tinh-cho-d\u1ef1-an-c\u1ee7a-minh\"><b>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chia to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-t\u1ea3i-load-testing-tren-trang-web\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i (Load testing) tr\u00ean trang web<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd g\u1eedi \u201cy\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a trang web \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng trang web m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t trang web, QA v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1ea3o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gi\u1ea3i-thich-phan-tich-gia-tr\u1ecb-bien-trong-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m\"><b>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u00ean trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u00ean (Boundary Value Analysis &#8211; BVA) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed9p \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c test case ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-phan-bi\u1ec7t-positive-testing-va-negative-testing\"><b>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Positive Testing v\u00e0 Negative Testing<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>Positive Testing<\/b><\/td><td><b>Negative Testing&nbsp;<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Positive Testing \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Positive Testing.<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negative Testing \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y, Tester lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tester c\u1ea7n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf test case \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o sai.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-s\u1ef1-khac-bi\u1ec7t-gi\u1eefa-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-h\u1ec7-th\u1ed1ng-va-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-tich-h\u1ee3p-la-gi\"><b>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay ch\u01b0a. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, error ho\u1eb7c bug n\u00e0o \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cach-ti\u1ebfp-c\u1eadn-t\u1eeb-tren-xu\u1ed1ng-va-t\u1eeb-d\u01b0\u1edbi-len-trong-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-la-gi\"><b>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/it-jobs\/tester?utm_medium=anchor_text_mid&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_tester&amp;utm_content=cau_hoi_phong_van_tester\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Tester<\/a><\/strong> t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Junior \u0111\u1ebfn Middle.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-ph\u1ecfng-v\u1ea5n-tester-danh-cho-senior\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_phong_van_Tester_danh_cho_Senior\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho Senior<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-di\u1ec1u-gi-s\u1ebd-x\u1ea3y-ra-khi-m\u1ed9t-defect-co-th\u1ec3-d\u01b0\u1ee3c-lo\u1ea1i-b\u1ecf-trong-giai-do\u1ea1n-d\u1ea7u-l\u1ea1i-d\u01b0\u1ee3c-lo\u1ea1i-b\u1ecf-\u1edf-giai-do\u1ea1n-sau\"><b>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t defect c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c defect th\u00ec defect \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t defect b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd defect s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t defect khi ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t defect \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-theo-b\u1ea1n-tester-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-c\u1ea7n-co-nh\u1eefng-ph\u1ea9m-ch\u1ea5t-gi\"><b>Theo b\u1ea1n, Tester ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 Tester ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t Tester ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft. H\u1ecd n\u00ean bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu Tester kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t Tester gi\u1ecfi n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i gi\u00fap Tester \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu Tester c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Developer v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giao ti\u1ebfp, c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho Tester. Tester s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 Developer v\u00e0 Project Manager, Product Owner. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, Tester ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i chi ti\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 Developer c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi QA Lead ho\u1eb7c Tester Lead th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 QA v\u00e0 Dev<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cung c\u1ea5p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh QA<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp RCA v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nhanh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-phat-tri\u1ec3n-d\u1ef1a-tren-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-test-driven-development-tdd-la-gi\"><b>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (Test-Driven-Development &#8211; TDD) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test-Driven-Development (TDD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kent Beck gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong TDD, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, Developer s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t test th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 code \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00f3. Khi h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t test th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft code v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i test th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Developer c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu code \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch code.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a TDD:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft test tr\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft code t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ec b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf code b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba th\u00eam v\u00e0o, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian debug.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ebft test tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap Developer l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i test t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9m.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TDD gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin th\u00eam code m\u1edbi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n test. C\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng code m\u1edbi th\u00eam c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-lo\u1ea1i-m\u1ee9c-d\u1ed9-nghiem-tr\u1ecdng-khac-nhau-ma-b\u1ea1n-co-th\u1ec3-gan-cho-m\u1ed9t-l\u1ed7i-la-gi\"><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng sau, t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trung b\u00ecnh:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ecb treo.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cao:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crash khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7i logic kinh doanh v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ma-tr\u1eadn-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-va-ma-tr\u1eadn-truy-xu\u1ea5t-yeu-c\u1ea7u-la-gi\"><b>Ma tr\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 Ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Ma tr\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Ma tr\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (Requirement Traceability Matrix &#8211; RTM)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c test case v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-tinh-static-software-testing-la-gi\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u0129nh (static software testing) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn code, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 code, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngang h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 eslint, StyleCop \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh source code. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-d\u1ed9ng-dynamic-software-testing-la-gi\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9ng (dynamic software testing) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u0129nh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khi n\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c thi. Tester ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan, nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-b\u1ea1n-s\u1ebd-ti\u1ebfp-c\u1eadn-m\u1ed9t-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng-trinh-co-nhi\u1ec1u-l\u1ed7i-nghiem-tr\u1ecdng-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><b>B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Tester n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ecdi sai s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i&nbsp; n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh sai, v.v.. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Project Manager ho\u1eb7c Product Owner v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-k\u1ef9-thu\u1eadt-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-d\u1ef1a-tren-kinh-nghi\u1ec7m-la-gi\"><b>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u0103m d\u00f2 (Exploratory Testing)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i (Error guessing)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ad-hoc (Adhoc Testing)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (Checklist-based Testing)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khai th\u00e1c (Exploit-based Testing)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean phi\u00ean (Session-based Testing)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Alpha<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Beta<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (User Acceptance Testing)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Usability Testing)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thu\u1eadt-ng\u1eef-ch\u1ea5t-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-co-nghia-la-gi-trong-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed\"><b>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cCh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (quality assurance &#8211; QA) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, trong khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (quality control &#8211; QC) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lam-th\u1ebf-nao-b\u1ea1n-xac-d\u1ecbnh-d\u01b0\u1ee3c-khi-nao-nen-ng\u1eebng-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed\"><b>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ng\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mong mu\u1ed1n<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ed1 test case \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-t\u1ef1-d\u1ed9ng-co-th\u1ec3-thay-th\u1ebf-ki\u1ec3m-th\u1eed-th\u1ee7-cong-khong\"><b>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200bKh\u00f4ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u0103m d\u00f2, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ed5ng-k\u1ebft\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ed9 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester, k\u00e8m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eafp t\u1edbi!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tin tham gia ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/it-jobs\/tester?utm_medium=anchor_text_low&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_tester&amp;utm_content=cau_hoi_phong_van_tester\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Tester<\/a><\/strong> m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c! <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho Tester, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp sau khi tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":84180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it","category-phong-van-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Top 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester d\u00e0nh cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong ng\u00e0nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Top 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho Tester, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-tester\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ITviec Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ITviec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-17T12:13:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-27T17:03:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cau-hoi-phong-van-Tester-vippro.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"790\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tuong Uyen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ITviec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ITviec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tuong Uyen\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"50 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Top 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Tester th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t - 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