{"id":80185,"date":"2024-10-21T13:01:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T06:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=80185"},"modified":"2024-10-21T13:01:49","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T06:01:49","slug":"lo-trinh-hoc-sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc SQL A-Z v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/#SQL_la_gi\" >SQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/#Loi_ich_cua_viec_hoc_SQL\" >L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc SQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/#Muc_luong_nghe_nghiep_ung_voi_ky_nang_SQL\" >M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng SQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/#Lo_trinh_hoc_SQL_tu_co_ban_den_nang_cao\" >L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc SQL t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/#Mot_so_tips_khi_hoc_SQL\" >M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tips khi h\u1ecdc SQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/#Tai_lieu_hoc_SQL\" >T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc SQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-sql\/#Tong_ket_Lo_trinh_hoc_SQL\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc SQL<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>SQL (Structured Query Language) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, SQL l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. ITviec t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc SQL chi ti\u1ebft, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 SQL v\u00e0 v\u1edbi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc SQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc SQL chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc SQL<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SQL_la_gi\"><\/span><b>SQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL (Structured Query Language) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS). SQL cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy v\u1ea5n, th\u00eam, s\u1eeda, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL l\u00e0m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-server-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SQL Server: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan SQL Server cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-mysql-co-ban\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H\u1ecdc MySQL c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng quan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mysql-vs-sql-server\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MySQL vs SQL Server: N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn RDBMS n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/postgresql-vs-mysql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PostgreSQL vs MySQL: Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CSDL n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loi_ich_cua_viec_hoc_SQL\"><\/span><b>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc SQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>D\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SQL c\u00f3 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SQL gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: V\u1edbi SQL, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 truy xu\u1ea5t, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SQL cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp logic v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>N\u00e2ng cao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Analyst), Khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Scientist), Business Intelligence Analyst (BI), K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Engineer), Database Engineer v\u00e0 AI Engineer. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o SQL \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7unhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muc_luong_nghe_nghiep_ung_voi_ky_nang_SQL\"><\/span><b>M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng SQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng SQL dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 theo s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng chi ti\u1ebft theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/bao-cao-luong-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o L\u01b0\u01a1ng IT m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ITviec<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>&lt; 1 n\u0103m<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>2-3 n\u0103m<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>3-4 n\u0103m<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>5-8 n\u0103m<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>&gt; 8 n\u0103m<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Analyst \/ Business Intelligence Analyst \/ Data Scientist<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.500.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">34.500.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38.500.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">44.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Engineer<\/span><\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">46.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">52.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Database Engineer<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13.500.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">37.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AI Engineer \/ Blockchain Engineer<\/span><\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">28.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">75.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<td>N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ th\u00e1ng)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh SQL c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Kinh nghi\u1ec7m (n\u0103m)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng (VN\u0110)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt; 1 n\u0103m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1-2 n\u0103m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3-4 n\u0103m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5-8 n\u0103m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">31.000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt; 8 n\u0103m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35.500.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ th\u00e1ng)<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lo_trinh_hoc_SQL_tu_co_ban_den_nang_cao\"><\/span><b>L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc SQL t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o SQL, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao trong SQL:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 SQL<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL (Structured Query Language) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS). N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00e8n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle v\u00e0 PostgreSQL.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng SQL<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng SQL bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng SQL bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>B\u1ea3ng (Table)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: B\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng (row) v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t (column), trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 ProductID, ProductName, v\u00e0 Price.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL (SQL Statement)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE v\u00e0 DELETE \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh CREATE v\u00e0 ALTER \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Stored Procedures)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>SQL ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u truy v\u1ea5n SQL bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng SQL:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00fa ph\u00e1p (Parser)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 tokenization (thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn (semantics) c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, parser ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n (authorization) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y truy v\u1ea5n li\u00ean k\u1ebft (Relational Engine)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Sau khi c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, relational engine s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c thi cho c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh. N\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 byte code, gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c thi truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Storage Engine)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: B\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 quan h\u1ec7. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 byte code, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh truy v\u1ea5n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SQL Database<\/strong><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>SQL vs NoSQL<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong khi SQL l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS), gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cao, NoSQL l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi quan h\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. NoSQL th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa SQL v\u00e0 NoSQL:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>SQL<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>NoSQL<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7 (Relational)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phi quan h\u1ec7 (Non-relational)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schema<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u schema<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (document), c\u1eb7p key-value, c\u1ed9t (column-family), ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb (graph)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc (vertical scaling), th\u00eam t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang (horizontal scaling), th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ACID.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n eventual (nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 BASE (Basically Available, Soft state, Eventual consistency), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 CSDL<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Oracle.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MongoDB, Cassandra, Couchbase, Redis.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-vs-nosql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SQL vs NoSQL<\/strong><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SQL (DDL, DML, DQL)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng quan, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SQL v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 to\u00e1n t\u1eed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (INT, VARCHAR, DATE,..) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed trong SQL.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>DDL<\/b> <b>(Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TRUNCATE TABLE \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>DML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (PRIMARY KEY), kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i (FOREIGN KEY) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>DQL (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: D\u00f9ng l\u1ec7nh SELECT \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e9p JOIN<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN, SELF JOIN, CROSS JOIN.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Subqueries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 subqueries v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SQL, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-dinh-nghia-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DDL c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DML) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi DML<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/tong-hop-cau-lenh-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh, to\u00e1n t\u1eed v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c SQL<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>C\u00e1c h\u00e0m SQL n\u00e2ng cao<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e0m s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: FLOOR, ABS, MOD, ROUND, CEILING<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e0m chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u00e0m ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: CONCAT, LENGTH, DATE, TIME<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: C\u00e1c h\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0: SUM, MAX, MIN, AVG, COUNT,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, h\u00e0m v\u00e0 trigger<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Stored Procedures)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u00e0m (Functions)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong truy v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Trigger<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u1ea1o trigger \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Views v\u00e0 Indexes<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Views<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 x\u00f3a views \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd truy v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Indexes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c (indexes).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Giao d\u1ecbch (Transactions)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb logic.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch: BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch (Transaction Isolation Levels).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo <\/span><b>nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ACID <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">g\u1ed3m:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>A (Atomicity)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c trong giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>C (Consistency)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>I (Isolation)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u00ednh c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>D (Durability)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 GRANT, REVOKE v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>SQL n\u00e2ng cao<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng indexes, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u JOINs, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u subqueries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy v\u1ea5n (Query analysis techniques).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec7 quy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Recursive queries): \u0110\u1ec7 quy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong SQL cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eebng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cha-con trong b\u1ea3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>PIVOT v\u00e0 UNPIVOT<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Window functions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: DENSE_RANK, LEAD, LAG, ROW_NUMBER, RANK<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>CTEs (Common Table Expressions)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dynamic SQL<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong truy v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng SQL t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_so_tips_khi_hoc_SQL\"><\/span><b>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tips khi h\u1ecdc SQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 SQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 SQL v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc khi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc online uy t\u00edn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SQL tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn SQL t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u khi c\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Tham gia c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc SQL \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u m\u00e3 l\u1ed7i SQL<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SQL c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e3 l\u1ed7i ri\u00eang, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 MySQL, PostgreSQL v\u00e0 SQL Server. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda code c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: T\u00ecm v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e3 SQL do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Tham gia c\u00e1c trang web ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 SQL \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qua t\u1eebng l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u00e3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 SQL Workbench, DBeaver ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c IDE kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_lieu_hoc_SQL\"><\/span><b>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc SQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SQL Online<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SQL online t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng uy t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SQL c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 uy t\u00edn:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chi ph\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/learn\/sql-data-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Databases and SQL for Data Science with Python<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beginner<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codecademy.com\/learn\/learn-sql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learn SQL<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beginner<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/course\/the-ultimate-mysql-bootcamp-go-from-sql-beginner-to-expert\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ultimate MySQL Bootcamp: Go from SQL Beginner to Expert<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beginner<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21 gi\u1edd\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/learn\/sql-practical-introduction-for-querying-databases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL: A Practical Introduction for Querying Databases<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beginner<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/learn\/intro-sql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intermediate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/course\/the-advanced-sql-course-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Advanced SQL Course<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intermediate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6 gi\u1edd\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/projects\/showcase-manage-data-online-grocer-mysql-workbench\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manage Data for an Online Grocer Using MySQL Workbench<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intermediate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8-10 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/projects\/advanced-rdb-sql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advanced Relational Database and SQL<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advanced<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1,5 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/course\/advanced-sql-server-masterclass-for-data-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Advanced SQL Server Masterclass For Data Analysis<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advanced<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><b>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh SQL<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c SQL. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh SQL \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft truy v\u1ea5n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W3Schools<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: W3Schools l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc SQL, cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sqlzoo.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQLZoo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: SQLZoo cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh SQL v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackerrank.com\/domains\/sql\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HackerRank<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: HackerRank cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch SQL v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_Lo_trinh_hoc_SQL\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc SQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ITViec cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng SQL t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SQL (Structured Query Language) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, SQL l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. ITviec t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc SQL chi ti\u1ebft, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":80287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u1ecdc SQL A-Z v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SQL l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng. 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