{"id":80171,"date":"2024-10-21T16:42:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T09:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=80171"},"modified":"2024-10-21T16:42:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T09:42:30","slug":"cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/#Laravel_la_gi\" >Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/#Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cho_Fresher_va_Junior_Developer\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel cho Fresher v\u00e0 Junior Developer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/#Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cap_trung_cho_Middle_Developer\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel c\u1ea5p trung cho Middle Developer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/#Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cap_cao_cho_Senior_Laravel_Developer\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel c\u1ea5p cao cho Senior Laravel Developer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/#Meo_tra_loi_cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cho_Developer\" >M\u1eb9o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel cho Developer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/#Cac_chu_de_khac_co_the_xuat_hien_trong_cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel\" >C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/#Tong_ket_Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Laravel \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng framework PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhu c\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng Laravel Developer c\u0169ng kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 danh s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n 40 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n khi tham gia ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Laravel.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel cho Junior Developer;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel cho Middle Developer;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel cho Senior Laravel Developer;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb9o ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c Developer.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Laravel_la_gi\"><\/span><b> Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t framework PHP m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Laravel tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf model-view-controller (MVC), t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c framework kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. Laravel cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng phong ph\u00fa k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c framework PHP nh\u01b0 CodeIgniter, Yii v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ruby on Rails.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi Core PHP v\u00e0 Advanced PHP, Laravel s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t trang web t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trang web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng Laravel s\u1ebd an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng web.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Laravel tr\u00ean ITviec \u0111\u1ec3 &#8220;\u00f4n l\u1ea1i&#8221; ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/laravel-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Laravel A-Z cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/laravel-validation-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laravel Validation: Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/laravel-migration-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laravel Migration: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng migration trong Laravel<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/laravel-cms-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laravel CMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Top 5 Laravel CMS cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/laravel-vuejs-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laravel VueJS: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Laravel v\u00e0 VueJS chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/tai-lieu-hoc-laravel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Top 18 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc Laravel hay nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cho_Fresher_va_Junior_Developer\"><\/span><b> C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel cho Fresher v\u00e0 Junior Developer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b> Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00fd do v\u00ec sao Laravel l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng web PHP m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac MVC (Model-View-Controller) v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00fa ph\u00e1p tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Developer. Laravel \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 routing, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c database.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Laravel b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 framework n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Models l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi Laravel, m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng database c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t model bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ec7p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng Laravel Eloquent ORM. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh artisan n\u00e0y: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:model Post<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c model nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Post extends Model<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* The attributes that are mass assignable.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* @var array<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0protected $fillable = [];<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* The attributes that should be hidden for arrays.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* @var array<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0protected $hidden = [];<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t Model c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 table, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o, \u1ea9n \u0111i&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 model.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Laravel l\u00e0 Blade. Blade cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng mustache v\u1edbi plain PHP (vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 PHP thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay b\u00ean trong template.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, Blade c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c directive (ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb) ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c template con, v.v), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh plain PHP v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ec7p Blade. T\u1ec7p Blade c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng .blade.php.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blade cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n mustache, nh\u01b0 sections, slots, components, v.v., gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac template ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Factory trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Factory l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3 (dummy data) nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra khi th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u fake records v\u00e0o database, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng factory \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t class cho m\u1ed7i model v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. M\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Laravel m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 database\/factories\/UserFactory.php tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;?php<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">namespace Database\\Factories;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use App\\Models\\User;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Factories\\Factory;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Support\\Str;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class UserFactory extends Factory<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* The name of the factory's corresponding model.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* @var string<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0protected $model = User::class;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* Define the model's default state.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* @return array<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0public function definition()<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">return [<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'name' =&gt; $this-&gt;faker-&gt;name,<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'email' =&gt; $this-&gt;faker-&gt;unique()-&gt;safeEmail,<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'email_verified_at' =&gt; now(),<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'password' =&gt; '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC\/.og\/at2.uheWG\/igi', \/\/ password<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'remember_token' =&gt; Str::random(10),<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">];<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t factory m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:factory UserFactory &#8211;class=User.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t factory class m\u1edbi cho User model. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t class m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng base Factory class v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Faker class \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o fake data cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a factory v\u00e0 seeder, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00eam fake data v\u00e0o database cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac MVC v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Laravel tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MVC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Model-View-Controller. Trong Laravel, Model \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho data v\u00e0 business logic, View x\u1eed l\u00fd Presentation Layer, v\u00e0 Controller qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa Model v\u00e0 View. Laravel gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai MVC th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 Eloquent ORM cho Models v\u00e0 Blade templating cho Views.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> File route m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 4 file route m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c route trong Laravel:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">web.php &#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c web routes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">api.php &#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c API routes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">console.php &#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean closure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">channel.php &#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b> Laravel migrations l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao Laravel migrations l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Migrations l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i database schema. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p Developer x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t database b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh SQL th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac database nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i t\u1ec7p Laravel migrations \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi timestamp \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o. Khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n migrations \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong GitHub, GitLab\u2026 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai sao ch\u00e9p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">`php artisan migrate`<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y b\u1ea3n migration \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o database trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p migration b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;?php<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Migrations\\Migration;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Schema\\Blueprint;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\Schema;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class CreateUsersTable extends Migration<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* Run the migrations.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* @return void<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public function up()<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$table-&gt;id();<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$table-&gt;string('name');<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ Create other columns<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0});<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* Reverse the migrations.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* @return void<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public function down()<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Schema::dropIfExists('users');<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b> Laravel Artisan l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artisan l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh cho Laravel gi\u00fap Developer x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u1ec7nh Artisan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh make. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh Artisan make h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:controller<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ControllerName<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; T\u1ea1o file Controller m\u1edbi<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:model<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ModelName <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p Model m\u1edbi<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:migration<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; T\u1ea1o file Migration<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:seeder<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; T\u1ea1o file Seeder<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:factory<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; T\u1ea1o file Factory<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:policy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; T\u1ea1o t\u1eadp tin Policy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:command<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; T\u1ea1o l\u1ec7nh Artisan m\u1edbi<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan route:list<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c routes \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b> Seeder trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seeder trong Laravel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a data v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng database. Sau khi ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh migration \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">`php artisan db:seed`<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y seeder \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng database. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Seeder m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">artisan: php artisan make:seeder [className]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t Seeder m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;?php<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use App\\Models\\Auth\\User;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Seeder;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class UserTableSeeder extends Seeder<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/**<\/span>\r\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* Run the database seeds.<\/span>\r\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public function run()<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">factory(User::class, 10)-&gt;create();<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m dependency injection trong Laravel<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dependency injection (DI) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (design pattern) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Laravel \u0111\u1ec3 inject c\u00e1c dependency (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t class thay v\u00ec hard-coding ch\u00fang. Service container c\u1ee7a Laravel (IoC container) t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c dependency v\u00e0 inject ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c class. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Laravel Homestead l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel Homestead l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p Vagrant pre-packaged cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ri\u00eang cho Laravel. Homestead bao g\u1ed3m PHP, Composer, Nginx, MySQL v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Laravel. Homestead \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Middleware trong Laravel.<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Middleware trong Laravel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c filter y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn logic core c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Middleware r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin, logging v\u00e0 validation. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng middleware auth \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 routes nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai soft delete trong Laravel?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soft Delete c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n &#8220;x\u00f3a&#8221; c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u00f3a ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a data m\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t timestamp (d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian) c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng soft delete b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p model nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\SoftDeletes;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class Post extends Model {<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use SoftDeletes;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protected $table = 'posts';<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Laravel \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Full Stack (Front-end + Back-end) kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web full-stack c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web full-stack c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 back-end trong Laravel v\u00e0 front-end c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p blade ho\u1eb7c SPA s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Vue.js, hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb Laravel 8.x tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Laravel cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t starter kit c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Laravel Jetstream, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Vue.js ho\u1eb7c React khi c\u1ea7n. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng Vue.js, React, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 front-end n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c API rest cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng SPA. Do \u0111\u00f3, Laravel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c API ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Laravel h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng database n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c database \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong Laravel l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PostgreSQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 SQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQLite<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MySQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MariaDB<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b> L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Laravel v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a trang b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i&#8230; C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Laravel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan down<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan up<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp trang web \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cap_trung_cho_Middle_Developer\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel c\u1ea5p trung cho Middle Developer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b> Composer l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong Laravel?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Composer l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cho PHP cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c Developer qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c dependency c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong Laravel, Composer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c packages ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c PHP. Composer \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 packages b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Laravel c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ec7p composer.json v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c packages b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh duy nh\u1ea5t (composer install).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Facades l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facade l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd class v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a class trong Laravel Container \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Reflection gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. L\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng facades l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb t\u00ean class d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c class \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 class n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. Facade c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Request trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Request trong Laravel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi sessions, cookie v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 t\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi request. Class ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Illuminate\\Http\\Request. Khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 request n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t Laravel route, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Controller v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Dependency Injection, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng request s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi request nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Eloquent ORM l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong Laravel?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eloquent l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Laravel, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c database b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch mapping c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng database th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng PHP. Eloquent ORM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00fa ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi database. Eloquent ORM cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c Developer l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi database b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n raw SQL.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Events trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong Laravel, Events l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau di\u1ec5n ra trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c Event \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng&#8230; Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c Listener class v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o audit logger c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t Event m\u1edbi trong Laravel, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh artisan: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">php artisan make:event UserLoggedIn<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Throttling l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3 trong Laravel?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Throttling l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS. \u0110\u1ec3 throttling, Laravel cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t middleware c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c route v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c middleware to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi middleware \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam Throttling v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t route c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route::middleware('auth:api', 'throttle:60,1')-&gt;group(function () {<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Route::get('\/user', function () {<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0});<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">});<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o \/user route ch\u1ec9 60 l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu Laravel Blade<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blade l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Laravel gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu HTML. Blade cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 template inheritance (k\u1ebf th\u1eeba giao di\u1ec7n), loop (v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p), \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c include. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu Blade \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 plain PHP, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p xem c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Laravel v\u00e0 Lumen<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel v\u00e0 Lumen \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 PHP framework c\u1ee7a Laravel. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Laravel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t framework \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Trong khi Lumen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t micro-framework nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c API v\u00e0 microservice nhanh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Laravel x\u1eed l\u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean. C\u00e1c Developer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng scaffolding x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Laravel ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Laravel h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 email\/m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, OAuth\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian (Middleware group) trong Laravel<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian (Middleware group) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n g\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c routes ho\u1eb7c route groups. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian chung cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian trong t\u1ec7p <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">app\/Http\/Kernel.php<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c routes b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, l\u1ed7i trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel Logging l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Laravel cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd nh\u01b0 file v\u00e0 slack. Log message c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh k\u00eanh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ec7p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c trong t\u1eadp tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i config\/logging.php.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong Laravel?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong Laravel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c controller ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t class x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> * Store a new blog post.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> *<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> * @param\u00a0 \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request\u00a0 $request<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> * @return \\Illuminate\\Http\\Response<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> *\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public function store(Request $request)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$validated = $request-&gt;validate([<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0'title' =&gt; 'required|unique:posts|max:255',<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0'body' =&gt; 'required',<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0]);<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/ The blog post is valid...<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cap_cao_cho_Senior_Laravel_Developer\"><\/span><b> C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel c\u1ea5p cao cho Senior Laravel Developer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Laravel service providers l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel service provider (nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Laravel, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi container d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Service provider l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Laravel v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Relationships trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relationship trong Laravel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Relationship gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong relational database. C\u00e1c Relationship kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 trong Laravel l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One to One<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One to Many<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many to Many<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has One Through<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has Many Through<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One to One (\u0110a h\u00ecnh)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One to Many (\u0110a h\u00ecnh)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many to Many (\u0110a h\u00ecnh)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relationship \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean model class. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Relationship One-to-One \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;?php<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">namespace App\\Models;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\r\nclass User extends Model<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* Get the phone associated with the user.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public function phone()<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return $this-&gt;hasOne(Phone::class);<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c phone \u1edf tr\u00ean trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh User c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 sau: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">`$user-&gt;phone` ho\u1eb7c `$user-&gt;phone()-&gt;where(&#8230;)-&gt;get()`<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Relationship One-to-Many nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;?php<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">namespace App\\Models;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">class User extends Model<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/**<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0* Get the addresses for the User.<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\/<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0public function addresses()<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return $this-&gt;hasMany(Address::class);<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Relationship One-to-Many gi\u1eefa User model v\u00e0 Address model. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">`$user-&gt;addresses`<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, eloquent s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c relationship: hasMany, hasManyThrough v\u00e0 hasManyDeep c\u1ee7a Eloquent trong Laravel. Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng relationship n\u00e0y?<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>hasMany:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp one-to-many relationship gi\u1eefa hai model, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t model c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a model kh\u00e1c. hasMany \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c one-level relationship \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>hasManyThrough:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Relationship n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung gian. hasManyThrough h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c many-to-many relationship ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t PivotTable b\u1ed5 sung.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>hasManyDeep:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c relationship tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 relationship \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng s\u00e2u. hasManyDeep th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung gian.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b> Named routes l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u00f3m route l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t named route l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a route c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho n\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi route \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route::get('\/hello', 'HomeController@index')-&gt;name('index');<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y trong b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">return redirect()-&gt;route('index');<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m route trong Laravel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh route nh\u01b0 middleware, prefixes\u2026 Nh\u00f3m route gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o t\u1eebng route.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route::middleware(['throttleMiddleware'])-&gt;group(function () {<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Route::get('\/', function () {<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/ Uses throttleMiddleware<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0});<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Route::get('\/user\/profile', function () {<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/ Uses throttleMiddleware<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0});<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">});<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b> Laravel Mix l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Laravel?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel Mix l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp wrapper cho Webpack, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh bundler m\u00f4-\u0111un JavaScript ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel Mix \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Laravel. Developer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch SASS th\u00e0nh CSS ho\u1eb7c bundling JavaScript) trong t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh webpack.mix.js.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel Mix cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t API l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi front-end assets trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Laravel d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Service Container trong Laravel l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Service Container ho\u1eb7c IoC trong Laravel ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c class dependency, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c inject v\u00e0o class theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Service Container th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Service Container ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 inject class trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Request object \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c inject.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 inject m\u1ed9t Model d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ID trong route binding.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t route nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route::get('\/profile\/{id}', 'UserController@profile');<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public function profile(Request $request, User $id)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh UserController, l\u00fd do ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y User model l\u00e0m tham s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 v\u00ec Service Container nh\u01b0 IoC gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c dependency trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c route model.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong Laravel nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">app\/Exceptions\/Handler.php<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> . B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem l\u1ed7i, l\u1ed7i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 khi c\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Accessor v\u00e0 mutator l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accessor l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb eloquent sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb database. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong database, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n eloquent, nh\u1eefng t\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t accessor nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public function getFullNameAttribute()<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return $this-&gt;first_name . \" \" . $this-&gt;last_name;<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e3 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(full_name)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a model, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">`$user-&gt;full_name`.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mutator l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u v\u00e0o database. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft hoa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u v\u00e0o database, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">public function setFirstNameAttribute($value)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0$this-&gt;attributes[\u2018first_name\u2019] = strtoupper($value);<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$user-&gt;first_name = Input::get('first_name');<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$user-&gt;save();<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mutator s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">first_name<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef hoa v\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o database.<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c register v\u00e0 boot trong Service Provider class l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c register trong Service Provider class \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c class ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi Service Container. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c class n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o container. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c boot kh\u1edfi ch\u1ea1y sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c dependency \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o container v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c boot. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o route, t\u1ea1o view composer&#8230; trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c boot.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Laravel 7 v\u00e0 Laravel 8.<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Laravel ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Laravel 8 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u model factory, dynamic Blade components v\u00e0 job batching.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h3><b> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa HTTP middleware v\u00e0 route middleware c\u1ee7a Laravel. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng middleware hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p?<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HTTP Middleware: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c global filter ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c HTTP request v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi request.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route Middleware: D\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng route ho\u1eb7c route group, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 route nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea3ng <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$middleware<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> v\u00e0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$middlewareGroups<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> trong t\u1ec7p <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kernel.php <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung gian trong nh\u00f3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn trong Laravel?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel Routes \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong file route trong routes\/web.php cho c\u00e1c route c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web ho\u1eb7c routes\/api.php cho c\u00e1c API. Routes c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\Route v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 get, post, put, delete\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\Route;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route::get('\/home', function () {<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return 'Welcome to Home Sweet Home';<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">});<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t closure route \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta cung c\u1ea5p URI v\u00e0 h\u00e0m closure \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi khi route \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route::get('\/hello', 'HomeController@index');<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Service Container.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b> S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c API RESTful s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Laravel Passport v\u00e0 OAuth 2.0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Laravel Passport thay v\u00ec OAuth 2.0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt API v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laravel Passport: Passport l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Laravel package \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c API v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng OAuth 2.0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt API c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OAuth 2.0: OAuth 2.0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c API. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng third-party ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp API cho client b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, OAuth 2.0 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, Passport c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meo_tra_loi_cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel_cho_Developer\"><\/span><b> M\u1eb9o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel cho Developer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: Xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d4n t\u1eadp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n: \u00d4n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (arrays, linked lists, trees, graphs, stacks, queues\u2026) v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n (ssorting, searching, dynamic programming&#8230;). Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 code tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 LeetCode, HackerRank ho\u1eb7c Codeforces \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">System Design (thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng): \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea5p cao, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 System Design. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, load balancing v\u00e0 database design.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u1eed: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u1eed v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 portfolio: N\u00eau b\u1eadt c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean CV. H\u00e3y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: Lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c blog, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 podcast trong ng\u00e0nh gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra code: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra code tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp code c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f4ng ty, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Laravel Developer.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_chu_de_khac_co_the_xuat_hien_trong_cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel v\u1ec1 Eloquent ORM<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many), c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao, eager loading, lazy loading.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel v\u1ec1 <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Middleware<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a middleware, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i middleware, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o middleware t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exceptions: C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong Laravel, custom exception, handler.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testing: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c unit test, integration test cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Laravel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caching: C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf caching trong Laravel, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cache \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Queues: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng queue \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y n\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blade template: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Blade \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o view.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel v\u1ec1 <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>PHP<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OOP: Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m OOP nh\u01b0 class, object, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Design patterns: C\u00e1c design pattern ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong PHP v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong Laravel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Composer: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd dependency trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Laravel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel v\u1ec1 k<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>inh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimization: C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Laravel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deployment: C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Laravel l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Security: C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_Cau_hoi_phong_van_Laravel\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Laravel, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c Laravel Developer \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao, best practices v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 40 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel m\u00e0 ITviec v\u1eeba chia s\u1ebb, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Laravel \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng framework PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhu c\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng Laravel Developer c\u0169ng kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":205,"featured_media":80423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109,94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it","category-su-nghiep-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Top 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u01b0u ngay danh s\u00e1ch 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t k\u00e8m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n khi tham gia ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cau-hoi-phong-van-laravel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Top 40+ c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Laravel ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Laravel \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng framework PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. 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