{"id":79128,"date":"2024-09-30T13:32:58","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T06:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=79128"},"modified":"2024-09-30T13:32:58","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T06:32:58","slug":"lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n A-Z v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/#Hoc_lap_trinh_nhung_la_gi_Co_bao_nhieu_he_thong_nhung_can_hoc\" >H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/#Nhung_ky_nang_quan_trong_khi_hoc_lap_trinh_nhung\" >Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng khi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/#Lo_trinh_7_buoc_de_hoc_lap_trinh_nhung_tu_A_%E2%80%93_Z\" >L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang t\u1eeb A &#8211; Z\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/#Cac_cau_hoi_lien_quan_ve_hoc_lap_trinh_nhung\" >C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/#Tong_ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><b><i>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang? B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ITviec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang.\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eadt m\u00ed nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng khi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang t\u1eeb A &#8211; Z<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoc_lap_trinh_nhung_la_gi_Co_bao_nhieu_he_thong_nhung_can_hoc\"><\/span><b>H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a trong vi\u1ec7c<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf, chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c&#8230; Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (Stand-alone embedded system)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (input) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m chu\u00f4ng c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh LCD.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c (Real-time embedded system)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c m\u1ec1m (Soft real-time embedded systems)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn 30 gi\u00e2y g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n n\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c c\u1ee9ng (Hard real-time embedded systems)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o b\u1ea1n khi xe chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe kh\u00e1c lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng (Networked embedded system)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfm doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n khi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang di \u0111\u1ed9ng (Mobile embedded system)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u1eabn kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf trong t\u00fai qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, trong v\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ba l\u00f4.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_ky_nang_quan_trong_khi_hoc_lap_trinh_nhung\"><\/span><b>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng khi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u00e1y v\u1eadt l\u00fd. SQL, C++, Java v\u00e0 Python \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n trang b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 analog, b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng (FPGA). Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c (RTOS)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u RTOS \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c RTOS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 FreeRTOS, RTX ho\u1eb7c \u03bcC\/OS-II \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 SPI, I2C, UART, CAN v\u00e0 Ethernet. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp giao ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf, thay v\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u2026 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c<\/b><b>\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i, bao g\u1ed3m JTAG, B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch logic v\u00e0 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 nh\u00fang ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00eam c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m, giao ti\u1ebfp, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhanh, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 m\u1ea9n\u2026 V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n\u00a0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (Artificial Intelligence\u00a0 &#8211; AI) v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (Machine Learning &#8211; ML)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, tri\u1ec3n khai thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb hacker<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 Internet of Things (<a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/iot-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IoT<\/a>); truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y (Wireless Communications)&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lo_trinh_7_buoc_de_hoc_lap_trinh_nhung_tu_A_%E2%80%93_Z\"><\/span><b>L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 7 <\/b><b>b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang t\u1eeb A &#8211; Z\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn cao c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, m\u00e1y nghe nh\u1ea1c MP3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c\u00a0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1eadt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (UI) ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GUI), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bay. Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c GUI cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khi c\u1ea7n. Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng (\u0111\u00e8n LED).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, logic, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RAM ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy c\u1eadp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat ti\u1ebfp theo sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ROM ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, micr\u00f4 v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t ph\u00edm tr\u00ean b\u00e0n ph\u00edm v\u00e0 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, loa v\u00e0 m\u00e1y in. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eadt\/t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n LED (Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eadt\/t\u1eaft thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn + tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n r\u01a1le)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 quay v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau (b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eadt t\u1eaft c\u00f2i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u00e2m thanh (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eadt\/t\u1eaft qu\u1ea1t (transistor\/r\u01a1le\/tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thyristor)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u1eedi SMS (M\u00f4-\u0111un GSM)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua internet \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1eeb xa (giao di\u1ec7n wifi)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh (Giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh LCD \/ LED)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/b><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi C. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1972 b\u1edfi Dennis Ritchie v\u00e0 Ken Thompson. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">int main()<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0printf(\"Hello World!\\n\");<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0\u00a0return 0;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<h4><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C++<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean trau d\u1ed3i th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 C++ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985 b\u1edfi Bjarne Stroustrup, b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111a n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. ISO \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh C++ cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi C++, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C++ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">#include <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">iostream<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&gt;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">using namespace std<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">int main(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0cout <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Hello World!\"<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> endl<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">return<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<blockquote><p>Tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C v\u00e0 C++ \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lap-trinh-c-co-ban\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00fa ph\u00e1p C c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lap-trinh-cpp-co-ban\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C++ c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh C++ c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/so-sanh-c-va-cpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C v\u00e0 C++: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef qua 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef QML (Qt Modeling Language)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef QML.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QML l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khai b\u00e1o cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t, QML c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n C++ Qt. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khai b\u00e1o gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Khi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C++ ho\u1eb7c Javascript.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">QML r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C++ \u1edf ph\u00eda sau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng QML hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e3 C++ b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">import<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> QtQuick <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.12<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">import<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> QtQuick.Window <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.12<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Window <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">visible<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> true<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">width<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">640<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">height<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">480<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">title<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qsTr(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Hello World\"<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Text <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">{<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">text<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> qsTr(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Hello World\"<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anchors.centerIn<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> parent<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">}<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. B\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m RAM, ROM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i vi nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm, b\u1ed9 h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111ang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Arduino, vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n PIC ho\u1eb7c vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n 8051\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Trang b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong khi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00e2y nh\u1ea3y (jumper wires) \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho m\u1ea1ch<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch (circuit boards) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pin \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e8n LED \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ecf h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Ch\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed7i t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y th\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_cau_hoi_lien_quan_ve_hoc_lap_trinh_nhung\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>H\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang mang \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00fap cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 top 10 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang \u01b0u \u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: C Programming, Embedded C, C++,\u00a0 Python, Java, Ada, Assembly, Rust, Lua, Verilog.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>3 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi 3 l\u00fd do:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn (Endless possibilities)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i xung quanh ch\u00fang ta, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gian. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><b>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t (Versatility)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia \u0111a n\u0103ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><b>Nhu c\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng cao<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, IoT, robot v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh, nhu c\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfngn. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/luong-ky-su-lap-trinh-nhung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>L\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang c\u00f3 cao kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, tinh th\u1ea7n ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khi b\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang? B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ITviec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":212,"featured_media":79221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n A-Z v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang g\u1ed3m 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-lap-trinh-nhung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u00fang to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n A-Z v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang? 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