{"id":74620,"date":"2024-06-27T17:23:33","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T10:23:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=74620"},"modified":"2024-07-26T11:34:48","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T04:34:48","slug":"devops-roadmap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/","title":{"rendered":"DevOps roadmap: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/#Tong_quan_ve_DevOps\" >T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 DevOps<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/#Tai_sao_can_DevOps_roadmap\" >T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n DevOps roadmap?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/#DevOps_roadmap_Lo_trinh_hoc_16_buoc_tro_thanh_DevOps\" >DevOps roadmap: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/#DevOps_roadmap_Luong_DevOps_theo_so_nam_kinh_nghiem\" >DevOps roadmap: L\u01b0\u01a1ng DevOps theo s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/#Cac_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_DevOps_roadmap\" >C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 DevOps roadmap<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/#Tong_ket_DevOps_roadmap\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft DevOps roadmap<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><b><i>DevOps \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, mang \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, ra m\u1eaft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ITviec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u DevOps roadmap &#8211; m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps Engineer.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 DevOps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap chi ti\u1ebft?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DevOps roadmap: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DevOps roadmap: L\u01b0\u01a1ng DevOps theo s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_quan_ve_DevOps\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 DevOps<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DevOps l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Development) v\u00e0 V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (Operations) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, DevOps ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec5n ra theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DevOps t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Agile, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. DevOps \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ng\u1eafn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng DevOps, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DevOps l\u00e0 g\u00ec? DevOps th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf h\u1eefu 6 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tai_sao_can_DevOps_roadmap\"><\/span><b>T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n DevOps roadmap?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft DevOps l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng cao trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong DevOps, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DevOps_roadmap_Lo_trinh_hoc_16_buoc_tro_thanh_DevOps\"><\/span><b>DevOps roadmap: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps sau \u0111\u00e2y, ITviec khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/tai-lieu-hoc-devops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>100+ t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc DevOps<\/strong><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 duy l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c DevOps:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Python: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong DevOps.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Go (Golang): Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef do Google ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (OS)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (OS) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Windows: H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linux: H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, linh ho\u1ea1t cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 DevOps. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Linux g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ubuntu\/Debian: D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RHEL\/CentOS\/Fedora: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SUSE Linux: N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0nh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unix: H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Linux.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u1ecd BSD:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FreeBSD: \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OpenBSD: \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NetBSD: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Giao Di\u1ec7n D\u00f2ng L\u1ec7nh<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Giao Di\u1ec7n D\u00f2ng L\u1ec7nh (CLI) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. CLI ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau trong khi cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ebfn C\u01a1 s\u1edf H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CLI gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd C\u01a1 s\u1edf H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi CLI:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1eadp Script: T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Vim ho\u1eb7c Emacs l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng CLI.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng: Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh: Theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua CLI, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng DevOps.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 L\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n (Version Control System &#8211; VCS) v\u00e0 L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps. Ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n &#8211; y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi DevOps, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p GitOps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n &#8211; Git: Git l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Git bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (repositories)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1o nh\u00e1nh (branching)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea9y (commit) v\u00e0 g\u1ed9p nh\u00e1nh (merge)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo d\u00f5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Github, Bitbucket, Gitlab): Sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Git \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00f4ng khai ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m Github, Bitbucket, Gitlab, v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (Cloud Provider)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (Cloud Computing) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (on-premise).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2024:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AWS (Amazon Web Services): Cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 EC2 (m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o), S3 (l\u01b0u tr\u1eef), Lambda (serverless computing), EKS (qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Kubernetes) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Azure: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi Microsoft. Azure s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 AWS, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Azure l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 DevOps t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CI\/CD (t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai li\u00ean t\u1ee5c), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 serverless nh\u01b0 Azure Functions..<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GCP (Google Cloud Platform): Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi Google.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m \u1edf gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Container h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Docker<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Docker l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Docker \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t file Dockerfile \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 Docker:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ea1y container<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c container \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Docker<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi Docker Volumes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Docker h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng Dockerfile<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u container c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi Docker Compose<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Docker Registry (kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1ea3nh Docker)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/docker-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Docker l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 Senior DevOps Engineer tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho b\u1ea1n!<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh DevOps v\u1edbi CI\/CD<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tinh g\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ci-cd-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>CI\/CD<\/strong><\/a> (T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 Tri\u1ec3n khai Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ebft script t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chu k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tri\u1ec3n khai CICD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Slack, Discord, &#8230;)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GitLab CI<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jenkins<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GitHub Actions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Circle CI<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh DevOps, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 8: \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i Container<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 container v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i container (Container Orchestration). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i container, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao (replica) c\u1ee7a container g\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Kubernetes. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kubernetes l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i container m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Google. Kubernetes gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c container h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 9: M\u1ea1ng, B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Giao th\u1ee9c<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh DevOps, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 (microservices) v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng container h\u00f3a, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Dev) v\u00e0 V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (Ops), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tinh g\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FTP \/ SFTP: Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p tin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HTTP \/ HTTPS: Giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 HTTPS<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SSL \/ TLS: C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u1edbp socket \/ L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DNS: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SSH: Giao th\u1ee9c truy c\u1eadp an to\u00e0n l\u1edbp v\u1ecf<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 10: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, Proxy v\u00e0 M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda (Firewall), Proxy v\u00e0 M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Proxy server \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i (load balancer) ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (certificate) c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda (Firewall): B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proxy: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trung gian \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Proxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ed9i dung t\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web (Web Server): Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung web theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web l\u00e0 Apache v\u00e0 Nginx.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i (Load Balancer): Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (Certificate): M\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trang web. Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng DevOps m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 11: Th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u Serverless Computing<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps n\u00e0y, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n serverless (serverless computing). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y n\u01a1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft code thay v\u00ec lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cloudflare: Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p serverless trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Cloudflare Workers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AWS Lambda: D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n serverless c\u1ee7a Amazon Web Services, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y m\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Azure Functions: D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n serverless c\u1ee7a Microsoft Azure, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y code theo s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (event-driven).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vercel: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri\u1ec3n khai front-end serverless h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c khung JavaScript ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serverless computing \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 12: Cung c\u1ea5p C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng (Infrastructure Provisioning)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169 nh\u01b0 ClickOps t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4. Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Do nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean theo nhu c\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng script s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terraform: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Terraform h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng mong mu\u1ed1n trong c\u00e1c file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pulumi: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Terraform, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Python, JavaScript ho\u1eb7c Go \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puppet: L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CloudFormation: D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a AWS cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng AWS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AWS CDK (AWS Cloud Development Kit): B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u1ee7a AWS cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng AWS b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 TypeScript, Python, Java, v.v.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 13: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (Configuration Management)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i. Do \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ansible: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, linh ho\u1ea1t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 YAML \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chef: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh &#8220;infrastructure as code&#8221; (c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n), cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n trong c\u00e1c file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puppet: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf v\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng DevOps, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 14: Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng (Infrastructure Monitoring)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (system logs), ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 (metrics) v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (streams). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, xem c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grafana: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (dashboard) \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Grafana th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Prometheus.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Datadog: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng SaaS (ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5) cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prometheus: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c (time series). Prometheus th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Grafana \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zabbix: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 IT kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 15: Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng (Application Monitoring)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng DevOps. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh (main branch), lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i do v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Datadog: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb chi ti\u1ebft theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Relic: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (cloud-based observability tool) gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jaeger: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservices ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n end-to-end. Jaeger cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c microservice kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open Telemetry: Khung m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (instrumentation), API v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AppDynamics: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (APM) gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhanh c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>B\u01b0\u1edbc 16: C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd Log:<\/strong> N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u log \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c file nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Artifactory:<\/strong> Artifactory l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi JFrog, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Nexus:<\/strong> Nexus Repository Manager l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf do Sonatype cung c\u1ea5p, cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong Maven, npm, Docker v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Service Mesh:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservice ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t service mesh n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Service mesh gi\u00fap c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Cloud design pattern:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cloud design pattern l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 native cloud. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c DevOps c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DevOps_roadmap_Luong_DevOps_theo_so_nam_kinh_nghiem\"><\/span><b>DevOps roadmap: L\u01b0\u01a1ng DevOps theo s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c trong ng\u00e0nh IT, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0nh cho DevOps s\u1ebd giao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau, theo <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/bao-cao-luong-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o L\u01b0\u01a1ng IT 2023 &#8211; 2024<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> t\u1eeb ITviec:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>1-2 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3-4 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>5-8 n\u0103m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung v\u1ecb DevOps Engineer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">32,000,000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">47,000,000<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">72,000,000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_DevOps_roadmap\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 DevOps roadmap<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>DevOps l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DevOps l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 DevOps roadmap?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DevOps roadmap \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c DevOps. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb &#8220;l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i&#8221; tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps Engineer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c DevOps<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a DevOps, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed: K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps, K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Tin c\u1eady H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (Site Reliability Engineer &#8211; SRE), K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (Test Automation Engineer), K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng DevOps, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u00eam c\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/chung-chi-devops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 DevOps<\/strong><\/a> li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 DevOps r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 3 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_DevOps_roadmap\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft DevOps roadmap<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111i qua l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh DevOps roadmap v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng chi ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed DevOps Engineer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd quan t\u00e2m. Hy v\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ITviec mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed DevOps.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DevOps \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, mang \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, ra m\u1eaft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ITviec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u DevOps roadmap &#8211; m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":74739,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-su-nghiep-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DevOps roadmap: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p DevOps roadmap - m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps Engineer.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DevOps roadmap: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DevOps \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, mang \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/devops-roadmap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ITviec Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ITviec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-06-27T10:23:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-26T04:34:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/devops-roadmap-thumbnail-vippro.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"790\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hi\u1ebfu Phan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ITviec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ITviec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hi\u1ebfu Phan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"28 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"DevOps roadmap: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh 16 b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh DevOps - 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