{"id":74184,"date":"2024-07-11T20:07:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T13:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=74184"},"modified":"2024-07-11T20:07:30","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T13:07:30","slug":"database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/","title":{"rendered":"Database schema l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Database_schema_Luoc_do_CSDL_la_gi\" >Database schema (L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Nhung_loi_ich_khi_su_dung_database_schema\" >Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng database schema<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Cac_loai_database_schema_co_ban\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i database schema c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Cach_tao_mot_database_schema\" >C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t database schema<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Cac_thiet_ke_database_schema\" >C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf database schema<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Nhung_dieu_can_luu_y_khi_thiet_ke_database_schema\" >Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf database schema<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_Database_schema\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Database schema<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/#Tong_ket_Database_schema\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft Database schema<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m database schema &#8211; l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (CSDL). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL, t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Database schema l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Database_schema_Luoc_do_CSDL_la_gi\"><\/span><b>Database schema (<\/b><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL) <\/b><b>l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Database schema, hay l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac CSDL, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Database schema l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_loi_ich_khi_su_dung_database_schema\"><\/span><b>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng database schema<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0Database schema gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00eam b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Th\u00f4ng qua l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_database_schema_co_ban\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i database schema c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8211; Conceptual schema<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74200\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-conceptual-vippro-640x591.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-conceptual-vippro-768x709.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-conceptual-vippro-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-conceptual-vippro-200x185.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-conceptual-vippro-100x92.png 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-conceptual-vippro-488x450.png 488w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-conceptual-vippro.png 1274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u,\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng, views v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic &#8211; Logical schema<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74199\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-logic-vippro-640x419.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-logic-vippro-687x450.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-logic-vippro-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-logic-vippro-200x131.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-logic-vippro-100x66.jpg 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-logic-vippro.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic c\u00f2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c logic v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd &#8211; Physical schema<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74198\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-physical-vippro-640x396.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-physical-vippro-700x433.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-physical-vippro-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-physical-vippro-200x124.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-physical-vippro-100x62.jpg 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-physical-vippro.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 views. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c data lakehouse, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c hay trigger c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh logic c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_tao_mot_database_schema\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t database schema<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-li\u00ean k\u1ebft (ERD) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (Entity): \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (Relationships): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau (m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, t\u00ean c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (Primary Key), kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i (Foreign Key), c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t (Unique), kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7ng (Not Null) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra (Check) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 logic, b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CSDL v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1NF &#8211; First Normal Form<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2NF &#8211; Second Normal Form<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3NF &#8211; Third Normal Form<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 BCNF, 4MF,&#8230; T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>Ch\u1ecdn DBMS v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 GUI (nh\u01b0 MySQL Workbench, pgAdmin, SQL Server Management Studio,&#8230;) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, tri\u1ec3n khai l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m tra truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_thiet_ke_database_schema\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf database schema<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng &#8211; Flat model<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74197\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-flat-model-vippro-640x428.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-flat-model-vippro-672x450.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-flat-model-vippro-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-flat-model-vippro-200x134.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-flat-model-vippro-100x67.png 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-flat-model-vippro.png 1288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng (flat model) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea3ng 2 chi\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 csv ho\u1eb7c excel. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p &#8211; Hierarchical Model<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74196\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-hierarchical-model-vippro-640x286.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-hierarchical-model-vippro-700x313.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-hierarchical-model-vippro-300x134.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-hierarchical-model-vippro-200x89.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-hierarchical-model-vippro-100x45.jpg 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-hierarchical-model-vippro.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cha-con (root-child) v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cha. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda qua c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (organizational charts), gi\u00fap th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u00e0 x\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin nhanh ch\u00f3ng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu linh ho\u1ea1t khi ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng &#8211; Network model<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74195\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-network-model-vippro-640x308.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-network-model-vippro-700x336.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-network-model-vippro-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-network-model-vippro-200x96.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-network-model-vippro-100x48.jpg 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-network-model-vippro.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u. Trong khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng cho ph\u00e9p quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng cha (root table) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng con (child table). M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng cha kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sinh vi\u00ean, khi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00ec d\u1ec5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo t\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng con, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 &#8211; Relational model<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74194\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-relational-model-vippro-640x328.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-relational-model-vippro-700x359.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-relational-model-vippro-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-relational-model-vippro-200x103.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-relational-model-vippro-100x51.png 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-relational-model-vippro.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh sao\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74193\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-star-model-vippro-640x408.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-star-model-vippro-700x447.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-star-model-vippro-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-star-model-vippro-200x128.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-star-model-vippro-100x64.png 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-star-model-vippro.png 1310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh sao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c &#8220;c\u00e1nh&#8221;, m\u1ed7i &#8220;c\u00e1nh&#8221; \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t fact table, ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c &#8220;c\u00e1nh&#8221; l\u00e0 c\u00e1c dimension table.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fact table \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh sao ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1, doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian. Fact table n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dimension table \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u1ed7i table cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong fact table. M\u1ed7i &#8220;c\u00e1nh&#8221; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn &#8220;c\u00e1nh&#8221; \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh sao. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trung t\u00e2m (fact table) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dimension table, cung c\u1ea5p quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ec7c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 Snowflake<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-74192\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-snowflake-model-vippro-640x434.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"434\" data-wp-editing=\"1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-snowflake-model-vippro-663x450.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-snowflake-model-vippro-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-snowflake-model-vippro-200x136.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-snowflake-model-vippro-100x68.jpg 100w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/database-schema-snowflake-model-vippro.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 snowflake l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 sao v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c dimension tables \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng con, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng con ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng dimension, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Snowflake Schema th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u0129a, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho Snowflake Schema tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_dieu_can_luu_y_khi_thiet_ke_database_schema\"><\/span><b>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf database schema<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi CSDL.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n<\/strong> trong t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 SELECT, INSERT\u2026\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ngang, d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng (PII) v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a CSDL. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Domino cho c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_Database_schema\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 Database schema<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa database schema v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CSDL (DBMS) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa database schema v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CSDL (DBMS) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a DBMS. DBMS kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DBMS m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBMS). Trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL,&#8230; th\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic kh\u00e1c g\u00ec so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd?<\/b><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o DBMS \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chi ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o DBMS b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cao v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 V\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 logic c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_Database_schema\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft Database schema<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, database schema l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ITviec hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mo-hinh-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SQL Database \u2013 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/dbms-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DML) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi DML<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-dinh-nghia-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DDL c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/bao-mat-co-so-du-lieu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1<\/strong><\/a>p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m database [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":74201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Database schema l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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