{"id":74169,"date":"2024-07-11T19:41:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T12:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=74169"},"modified":"2025-08-01T13:34:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T06:34:47","slug":"thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/#Thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\" >Thi\u1ebft&nbsp;k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/#Tam_quan_trong_cua_viec_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_hieu_qua\" >T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/#Nhu_the_nao_la_mot_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_tot\" >Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/#Quy_trinh_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\" >Quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/#11_nguyen_tac_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\" >11 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/#Tong_ket_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><em><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (CSDL) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. CSDL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CSDL \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft\u00a0k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t CSDL hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CSDL<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Xem th\u00eam\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it\/data?utm_medium=anchor_text_high&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_data&amp;utm_content=thiet-ke-co-so_du_lieu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Data<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0ngay tr\u00ean ITviec!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thi\u1ebft-nbsp-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-la-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\"><\/span><b>Thi\u1ebft&nbsp;k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho m\u1ed9t CSDL nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 CSDL<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ea7m-quan-tr\u1ecdng-c\u1ee7a-vi\u1ec7c-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-hi\u1ec7u-qu\u1ea3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tam_quan_trong_cua_viec_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_hieu_qua\"><\/span><b>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t CSDL hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng do x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf linh ho\u1ea1t c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>N\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, kh\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao-la-m\u1ed9t-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-t\u1ed1t\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhu_the_nao_la_mot_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_tot\"><\/span><b>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CSDL t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> C\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quy-trinh-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quy_trinh_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>Quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-xac-d\u1ecbnh-m\u1ee5c-dich-c\u1ee7a-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a CSDL, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf d\u00e0nh cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 &#8220;C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi th\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ed5-ch\u1ee9c-thong-tin\"><b>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m Th\u00f4ng tin S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Product): Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 t\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kho,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m Th\u00f4ng tin \u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (Order): Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t mua, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00f3m Th\u00f4ng tin Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Customer): Bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email,&#8230;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD (Entity-Relationship Diagram) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"793\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-vippro.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-vippro.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-vippro-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-vippro-700x347.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-vippro-200x99.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-vippro-100x50.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean: Trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;Order&#8221; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 OrderID (m\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng), Date (ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 TotalPrice (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng); th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;Customer&#8221; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 CustomerID (m\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng), PhoneNum (s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 Email. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa &#8220;Customer&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Order&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-ph\u1ea7n-logic\"><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n logic<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ERD, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (hay c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng Customer c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 CustomerID (kho\u00e1 ch\u00ednh), Name, PhoneNum v\u00e0 Email. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (Primary Key)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng trong b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng (AutoNumber) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u1ea3ng Order c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t &#8220;OrderID&#8221; v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i (Foreign Key):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c, gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u1ea3ng Order, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t &#8220;CustomerID&#8221; l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh &#8220;CustomerID&#8221; trong b\u1ea3ng Customer.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ap-d\u1ee5ng-cac-quy-t\u1eafc-chu\u1ea9n-hoa\"><b>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 NF (Normal Forms):<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>1. Chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 1NF (First Normal Form):&nbsp;<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i \u00f4 trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong b\u1ea3ng &#8220;Product&#8221;, m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ID duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. M\u1ed7i \u00f4 trong c\u1ed9t ID s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>2. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a 2NF (Second Normal Form):&nbsp;<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a 1NF, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb 2 c\u1ed9t tr\u1edf l\u00ean). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng OrderDetails:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>OrderID<\/b><\/td><td><b>ProductID<\/b><\/td><td><b>Quantity<\/b><\/td><td><b>ProductPrice<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A01<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A02<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B01<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A02<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean ta c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng OrderDetails v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t OrderID, ProductID (c\u1ea3 hai t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), Quantity v\u00e0 ProductPrice. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ProductPrice c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ProductID v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o OrderID. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m 2NF v\u00ec ProductPrice l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Product m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ProductPrice trong b\u1ea3ng OrderDetails l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2NF, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch ProductPrice ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3ng OrderDetails v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng Product nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng Product:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>ProductID<\/b><\/td><td><b>ProductName<\/b><\/td><td><b>ProductPrice<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M11<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pencil<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M12<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notebook<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M13<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eraser<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3ng OrderDetails:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>OrderID<\/b><\/td><td><b>ProductID<\/b><\/td><td><b>Quantity<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A01<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M11<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A01<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M12<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A02<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M13<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A02<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M12<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><b>3. Chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 3NF (Third Normal Form):&nbsp;<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 2NF v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t phi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t phi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t phi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng Customer:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>CustomerID<\/b><\/td><td><b>CustomerName<\/b><\/td><td><b>Address<\/b><\/td><td><b>PhoneNum<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nguyen A<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">123 Main St, Ward 1, District 1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0123<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tran B<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">456 Side St, Ward 2, District 2<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1234<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong b\u1ea3ng &#8220;Customer&#8221;, n\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 (t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u01b0\u1eddng\/x\u00e3, qu\u1eadn\/huy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi ph\u1ea1m 3NF v\u00ec 3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 3NF, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang th\u00e0nh 1 b\u1ea3ng \u201cAddress\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng Address:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><b>CustomerID<\/b><\/td><td><b>StreetName<\/b><\/td><td><b>Ward<\/b><\/td><td><b>District<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">123 Main St<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ward 1<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">District 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">456 Side St<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ward 2<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">District 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thi\u1ebft-nbsp-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-ph\u1ea7n-v\u1eadt-ly\"><b>Thi\u1ebft&nbsp;k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 integer ho\u1eb7c decimal, trong khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 varchar v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00fd t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7 M\u1ed9t-M\u1ed9t (1-1): Trong m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Nguyen A v\u1edbi CustomerID = 1 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean v\u1edbi AccountID = 01.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"511\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-1-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-1-vippro.png 1600w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-1-vippro-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-1-vippro-700x224.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-1-vippro-200x64.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-1-vippro-100x32.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7 M\u1ed9t-Nhi\u1ec1u (1-N): Trong m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00eam c\u1ed9t CustomerID t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng Customer v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng Order, l\u00e0m cho CustomerID tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3ng Order.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"527\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-M-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-M-vippro.png 1600w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-M-vippro-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-M-vippro-700x231.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-M-vippro-200x66.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-1-M-vippro-100x33.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-Nhi\u1ec1u (N-N): Trong quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trung gian. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng trung gian n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u cho hai b\u1ea3ng Order v\u00e0 Product, ta th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng DetailOrder, trong \u0111\u00f3 DetailOrder s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 OrderID v\u00e0 ProductID \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-M-M-vippro.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-M-M-vippro.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-M-M-vippro-300x84.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-M-M-vippro-700x196.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-M-M-vippro-200x56.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/thiet-ke-csdl-M-M-vippro-100x28.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tinh-ch\u1ec9nh-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-va-ch\u1ea1y-th\u1eed-d\u1ed1i-v\u1edbi-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-mo-ph\u1ecfng\"><b>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n, bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Th\u00eam c\u1ed9t:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>X\u00f3a c\u1ed9t<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Lo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span><b> d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh logic trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay ch\u01b0a. Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Sau khi th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it\/database?utm_medium=anchor_text_mid&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_database&amp;utm_content=thiet-ke-co-so_du_lieu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Database<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-11-nguyen-t\u1eafc-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_nguyen_tac_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>11 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (CSDL) di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch su\u00f4n s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>1. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong m\u1ed9t schema c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>2. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t: <\/b>M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed7i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>3. X\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Null: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb null ch\u1ec9 ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb null hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>4. T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>5. T\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, th\u00eam m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>6. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00eam, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>7. Lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>8. T\u1ea1o Ch\u1ec9 M\u1ee5c (Indexing): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>9. Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng schema: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng schema l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>10. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>11. Sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m&#8230; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sao l\u01b0u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra sao l\u01b0u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL: Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/bao-mat-co-so-du-lieu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mariadb-vs-mysql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MariaDB vs MySQL: \u201cCu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn\u201d c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/database-schema-luoc-do-co-so-du-lieu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0\u1eddng-g\u1eb7p-v\u1ec1-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-da-chi\u1ec1u-la-gi\"><b>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hai chi\u1ec1u (2D), d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lam-th\u1ebf-nao-d\u1ec3-them-index-va-view-vao-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><b>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam index v\u00e0 view v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00eam index v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh SQL nh\u01b0 CREATE INDEX. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o index v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i index (ascending ho\u1eb7c descending). Index gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e8n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a v\u00ec index c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o view, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh CREATE VIEW trong SQL. View l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. View l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SQL Database \u2013 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ed5ng-k\u1ebft-thi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sao l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ITviec hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t cho nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch? \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i Share v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e9.<br>V\u00e0 nhanh tay tham kh\u1ea3o\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it?utm_medium=anchor_text_low&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_it&amp;utm_content=thiet-ke-co-so_du_lieu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m IT<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u201cch\u1ea5t\u201d tr\u00ean ITviec!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (CSDL) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. CSDL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":74175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t CSDL hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (CSDL) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. 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