{"id":74114,"date":"2024-06-27T13:42:10","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T06:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=74114"},"modified":"2024-06-27T13:42:10","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T06:42:10","slug":"ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DML) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi DML"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu_la_gi\" >Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Cac_loai_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Cac_lenh_co_ban_trong_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\" >C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Uu_diem_cua_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Nhuoc_diem_cua_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\" >Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ngon-ngu-thao-tac-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Tong_ket_ve_Ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 DML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong b\u00e0i blog n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DML trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu_la_gi\"><\/span><b>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DML (Data Manipulation Language), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (<a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/dbms-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DBMS<\/strong><\/a>) \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DML bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c to\u00e1n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n, truy xu\u1ea5t, x\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, DML th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (<a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>RDBMS<\/strong><\/a>), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a SQL, cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DML) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: DML phi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c (Non-Procedural DML) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 High-Level (c\u1ea5p cao) v\u00e0 DML theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c (Procedural DML) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Low-Level (c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>DML phi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c (Non-Procedural DML)<\/b><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>DML th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c (Procedural DML)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c theo chu\u1ed7i (series oriented), gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c theo t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t (track-at-a-time), \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>C\u00e1ch truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DML phi th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DML th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong SQL, c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SELECT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t High-Level DML, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef PL\/SQL c\u1ee7a DB2 v\u00e0 Oracle,, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh IF, LOOP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t qua t\u1eebng b\u1ea3n ghi trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1eebng b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng b\u1ea3n ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_lenh_co_ban_trong_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>SELECT<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh SELECT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> column1, column2, ...\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &lt;table_name&gt;;<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ed9t Name v\u00e0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Age<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng Students, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Name, Age\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students;<\/span><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p truy v\u1ea5n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng:<\/strong> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN v\u00e0 FULL JOIN \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i truy v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 INNER JOIN:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> table1.column1, table2.column2, ...\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> table1\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INNER<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JOIN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> table2\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ON<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> table1.common_column = table2.common_column;<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1eeb hai b\u1ea3ng Students v\u00e0 Courses ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students.Name, Courses.CourseID\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INNER<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JOIN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Courses\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ON<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students.StudentID = Courses.StudentID;<\/span><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p SELECT * \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a 1 b\u1ea3ng:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT *\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM &lt;table_name&gt;;<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng Students ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> *\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students;<\/span><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng WHERE \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> column1, column2, ...\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &lt;table_name&gt; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">condition<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> * <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Year<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AND<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Age &lt; 20;<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b>INSERT<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT l\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT INTO &lt;table_name&gt; ('column_name1', 'column_name2', \u2026)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VALUES ('value1', 'value2');<\/span><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecdc sinh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students (StudentID, FullName, Age, Major)\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">009<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Nguyen Van A'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Computer Science'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">);<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students (StudentID, FullName, Age, Major)\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">009<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Nguyen Van A'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Computer Science'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">010<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Nguyen D'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Data Science'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">),\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">011<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Bob'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'IT'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">);<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b>UPDATE<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh UPDATE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPDATE &lt;table_name&gt;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SET &lt;column_name = value&gt;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE condition;<\/span><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 StudentID l\u00e0 101 t\u1eeb 20 tu\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh 21 tu\u1ed5i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPDATE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SET<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Age = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> StudentID = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">101<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3><b>DELETE<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh DELETE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh DELETE, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u00f3a v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DELETE FROM &lt;table_name&gt;<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE &lt;condition&gt;;<\/span><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u01a1n 22 tu\u1ed5i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DELETE<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Students\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Age &gt; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">22<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu_diem_cua_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh DML cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DML c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DML c\u00f3 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DML c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Transaction, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhuoc_diem_cua_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DML \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u00eam, x\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 SQL Injection<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o CSDL: B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i CSDL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a DML<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DML), ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DDL) v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DCL) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>DML<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>DDL<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>DCL<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DML l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Data Manipulation Language, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DDL l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Data Definition Language, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DCL l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Data Control Language, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DML ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DDL \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DCL \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong SQL<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong DML kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng commit (kh\u00f4ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi DDL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng commit (v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n) .<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong DCL nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh GRANT v\u00e0 REVOKE th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng commit (v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ghi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong DML: SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong DDL: CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE, RENAME, DROP.<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong DCL: REVOKE, GRANT.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SQL Database<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>Transaction l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong DML?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transaction l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o trong transaction th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 transaction c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>DML c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n (permissions) kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n DCL (Data Control Language) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DML tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n INSERT \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_ve_Ngon_ngu_thao_tac_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DML, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 DML s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DML c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 DML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong b\u00e0i blog n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":74143,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DML) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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