{"id":74105,"date":"2024-06-27T13:39:10","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T06:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=74105"},"modified":"2024-06-27T13:39:10","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T06:39:10","slug":"rdbms-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#RDBMS_la_gi\" >RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#Cach_RDBMS_hoat_dong\" >C\u00e1ch RDBMS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#Cac_tinh_nang_noi_bat_cua_RDBMS_la_gi\" >C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#Uu_diem_cua_RDBMS\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a RDBMS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#Nhuoc_diem_cua_RDBMS\" >Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a RDBMS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#Cac_RDBMS_pho_bien\" >C\u00e1c RDBMS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_RDBMS_la_gi\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/#Tong_ket_RDBMS_la_gi\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 RDBMS kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia IT, t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 RDBMS, t\u1eeb RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a RDBMS<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a RDBMS<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"RDBMS_la_gi\"><\/span><b>RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Relational Database Management System) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBMS) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u1ea1o, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. RDBMS l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c RDBMS th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (SQL)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 RDBMS kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong RDBMS v\u00ec t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi cao trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u00eam, s\u1eeda, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a RDBMS so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng DBMS kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74332\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/RDBMS-vs-DBMS-vippro.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1653\" height=\"979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/RDBMS-vs-DBMS-vippro.jpg 1653w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/RDBMS-vs-DBMS-vippro-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/RDBMS-vs-DBMS-vippro-1600x948.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/RDBMS-vs-DBMS-vippro-200x118.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/RDBMS-vs-DBMS-vippro-100x59.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1653px) 100vw, 1653px\" \/><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (CRM) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang web th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, RDBMS l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_RDBMS_hoat_dong\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1ch RDBMS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng trong RDBMS bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ghi) v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng). M\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, trong khi m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74112\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-1-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1324\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-1-vippro.png 1324w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-1-vippro-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-1-vippro-700x272.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-1-vippro-200x78.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-1-vippro-100x39.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1324px) 100vw, 1324px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, RDBMS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng trong b\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng, RDBMS \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u1ed7ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 trong b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng null: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb null, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t (unique): \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (data type): \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, chu\u1ed7i, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Quan h\u1ec7 1-1 (One-to-one relationship)<\/strong>: Quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng A c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t (v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t) b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng B v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng &#8220;User&#8221; s\u1ebd \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1 b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng &#8220;Account&#8221;, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i 1 account ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 1 user.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74111\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-2-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1214\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-2-vippro.png 1214w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-2-vippro-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-2-vippro-700x298.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-2-vippro-200x85.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-2-vippro-100x43.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1214px) 100vw, 1214px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Quan h\u1ec7 1-N (One-to-many relationship)<\/strong>: quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng A c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng B nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng B ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 duy nh\u1ea5t 1 b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng A. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n mua h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng 1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n mua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74110\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-3-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1222\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-3-vippro.png 1222w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-3-vippro-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-3-vippro-700x292.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-3-vippro-200x83.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-3-vippro-100x42.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1222px) 100vw, 1222px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Quan h\u1ec7 N-N (Many-to-many relationship)<\/strong>: Quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng A c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng B v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng B c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng A. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74109\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-4-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1208\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-4-vippro.png 1208w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-4-vippro-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-4-vippro-700x297.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-4-vippro-200x85.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/rdbms-4-vippro-100x42.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1208px) 100vw, 1208px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_tinh_nang_noi_bat_cua_RDBMS_la_gi\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>: RDBMS l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy v\u1ea5n<\/strong>: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Truy c\u1eadp \u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/strong>: RDBMS cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>D\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, RDBMS c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan (GUI), gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd transaction<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability). M\u1ed7i transaction \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u00ec c\u1ea3, gi\u1eef cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu_diem_cua_RDBMS\"><\/span><b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a RDBMS<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd linh ho\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; L\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u1edd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1edd c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 GDPR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 GDPR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ACID cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhuoc_diem_cua_RDBMS\"><\/span><b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a RDBMS<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Chi ph\u00ed cao: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i RDBMS c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec RDBMS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng RDBMS \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>T\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c cao: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb RDBMS hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_RDBMS_pho_bien\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c RDBMS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>MySQL<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MySQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MySQL l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CSDL m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 MySQL c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao. MySQL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 Windows, Linux, v\u00e0 MacOS, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mysql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>MySQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c MySQL \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>Oracle Database<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oracle Database \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oracle Database cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t cao, cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/oracle-database\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Oracle Database l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Oracle Database A-Z 2024<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>Microsoft SQL Server<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microsoft<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL Server l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Microsoft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng IT c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi SQL Server, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Microsoft gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>PostgreSQL<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PostgreSQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, PostgreSQL c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PostgreSQL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c startup ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>SQLite<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQLite l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 SQLite l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. SQLite c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_RDBMS_la_gi\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t. M\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 1 b\u1ea3n ghi v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t l\u00e0 1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n ghi n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec RDBMS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n ghi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nhau cho nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb NULL, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb NULL, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 0. (L\u01afU \u00dd: Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb NULL).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a RDBMS v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, kho h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, b\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, giao d\u1ecbch, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng: L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e9, h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_RDBMS_la_gi\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, RDBMS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ITviec hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 RDBMS kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia IT, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":74106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a RDBMS t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RDBMS l\u00e0 g\u00ec: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. 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