{"id":74066,"date":"2024-06-27T13:33:17","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T06:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=74066"},"modified":"2025-10-11T23:44:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T16:44:37","slug":"sql-database-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Database &#8211; Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#SQL_la_gi_SQL_Database_la_gi\" >SQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec? SQL Database l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Lich_su_phat_trien_cua_SQL\" >L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SQL&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Cac_tinh_nang_cua_SQL_Database\" >C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Vai_tro_quan_trong_cua_SQL_Database\" >Vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#SQL_Database_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >SQL Database ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Cac_ngon_ngu_trong_SQL_Database\" >C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong SQL Database<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Cac_truy_van_co_ban_trong_SQL\" >C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Uu_diem_cua_SQL_Database\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Han_che_cua_SQL_Database\" >H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Cac_linh_vuc_pho_bien_ung_dung_SQL_Database\" >C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng SQL Database<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Cac_he_quan_tri_co_so_du_lieu_SQL_pho_bien\" >C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#SQL_Database_vs_NoSQL\" >SQL Database vs NoSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-database-la-gi\/#Tong_ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><em><strong>SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 SQL Database kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia IT, t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec? SQL Database l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao SQL Database \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch SQL Database ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SQL Database<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SQL Database c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c NoSQL?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: Danh s\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it\/sql?utm_medium=anchor_text_high&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_sql&amp;utm_content=sql_database_la_gi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m SQL<\/a> m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ITviec<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sql-la-gi-sql-database-la-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SQL_la_gi_SQL_Database_la_gi\"><\/span><b>SQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/b><b>SQL Database l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL (Structured Query Language) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb truy v\u1ea5n, t\u1ea1o, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. SQL ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) do t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL Database \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef SQL, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/oracle-sql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Oracle<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mysql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>MySQL<\/strong><\/a>, PostgreSQL v\u00e0 Microsoft SQL Server,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong> SQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed-phat-tri\u1ec3n-c\u1ee7a-sql-nbsp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lich_su_phat_trien_cua_SQL\"><\/span><b>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SQL&nbsp;<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a SQL:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 1970:\u00a0 E.F. Codd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 &#8220;A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks&#8221;, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 1974: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a IBM gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 SEQUEL ho\u1eb7c Structured English Query Language.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 SQL:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 1986: Vi\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0 Hoa K\u1ef3 (ANSI) ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 1992: phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SQL-92 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a SQL.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 1999: ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SQL:1999 b\u1ed5 sung t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho Java.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 2003: phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SQL:2003 b\u1ed5 sung h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u XML.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 2009: phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SQL:2009 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a SQL.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 2011: phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SQL:2011 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00e0y nay, SQL c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server\u2026. v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u0103m 2016: Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SQL:2016 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn JavaScript Object Notation, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u1ea3ng \u0111a h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eabu h\u00e0ng, m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a cho SQL.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-tinh-nang-c\u1ee7a-sql-database\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_tinh_nang_cua_SQL_Database\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chung n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Thao t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng:<\/strong> SQL Database cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 truy c\u1eadp, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u1ecdc, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> truy xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng:<\/strong> SQL Database cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd truy v\u1ea5n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t:<\/strong> SQL Database cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a, gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i: <\/strong>SQL Database c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i\u00a0trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng IT kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t: <\/strong>SQL Database c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> SQL linh ho\u1ea1t khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 Oracle, IBM, Microsoft,&#8230;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vai-tro-quan-tr\u1ecdng-c\u1ee7a-sql-database\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vai_tro_quan_trong_cua_SQL_Database\"><\/span><b>Vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao SQL Database \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>SQL l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>: SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>L\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n<\/strong>: K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi SQL Database l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh<\/strong>: SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CSDL s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0ng SQL v\u1eabn thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed<\/strong>: SQL l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, SQL Database l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sql-database-ho\u1ea1t-d\u1ed9ng-nh\u01b0-th\u1ebf-nao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SQL_Database_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span><b>SQL Database ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch SQL Database ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>1. Tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00fa ph\u00e1p (Parser):<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia l\u1ec7nh SQL th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a SQL. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SQL c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sai trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh SELECT, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>2. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y truy v\u1ea5n li\u00ean k\u1ebft (Relational Engine):<\/strong> T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t, ghi ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 trung gian c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh SQL g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bytecode. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bytecode \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>3. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Storage Engine):<\/strong> X\u1eed l\u00fd bytecode v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh SQL t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-ngon-ng\u1eef-trong-sql-database\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_ngon_ngu_trong_SQL_Database\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong SQL Database<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong SQL Database bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-data-definition-language-ddl-ngon-ng\u1eef-d\u1ecbnh-nghia-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><strong>Data Definition Language (DDL) &#8211; Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DDL c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 CREATE \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi, ALTER \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng, DROP \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea3ng, \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-data-manipulation-language-dml-ngon-ng\u1eef-thao-tac-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><strong>Data Manipulation Language (DML) &#8211; Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DML bao g\u1ed3m INSERT \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, UPDATE \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 DELETE \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-data-query-language-dql-ngon-ng\u1eef-truy-v\u1ea5n-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><strong>Data Query Language (DQL) &#8211; Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m l\u1ec7nh SELECT, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-data-control-language-dcl-ngon-ng\u1eef-ki\u1ec3m-soat-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><strong>Data Control Language (DCL) &#8211; Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh DCL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c thu h\u1ed3i quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1ec7nh GRANT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transaction-control-language-tcl-ngon-ng\u1eef-ki\u1ec3m-soat-giao-d\u1ecbch\"><strong>Transaction Control Language (TCL) &#8211; Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh TCL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, COMMIT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00f3; trong khi ROLLBACK \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c COMMIT. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh ROLLBACK, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-truy-v\u1ea5n-c\u01a1-b\u1ea3n-trong-sql\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_truy_van_co_ban_trong_SQL\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong SQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-truy-v\u1ea5n-b\u1eb1ng-data-definition-language\"><b>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng Data Definition Language<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ea1o-b\u1ea3ng-create-table\"><strong>T\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng (CREATE TABLE)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh CREATE TABLE v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o 1 b\u1ea3ng Employees c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh EmployeeID, Last Name, FirstName, HireDate ta vi\u1ebft c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CREATE<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees (<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;EmployeeID <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INT<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PRIMARY<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> KEY,<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;LastName <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">),&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;FirstName <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">),<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;HireDate <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DATE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3ng (ALTER TABLE)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh ALTER TABLE \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Email v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng Employees, ta vi\u1ebft c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ALTER<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ADD<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Email <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-xoa-b\u1ea3ng-drop-table\"><strong>X\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng (DROP TABLE)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DROP TABLE \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng Employees kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ta vi\u1ebft c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DROP<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-truy-v\u1ea5n-b\u1eb1ng-data-manipulation-language\"><b>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng <\/b><b>Data Manipulation Language<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-them-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-vao-b\u1ea3ng-insert-into\"><strong>Th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng (INSERT INTO)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng Employees, ta vi\u1ebft c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees (EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName, HireDate, Email)&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VALUES<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Nguyen'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'A'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'2023-01-15'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">),<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Tran'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'B'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'2022-11-30'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'b@example.com'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">),<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'Le'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'C'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'2023-03-20'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'c@example.com'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u1eadp-nh\u1eadt-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-trong-b\u1ea3ng-update\"><strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng (UPDATE)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh UPDATE cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i FirstName c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 EmployeeID l\u00e0 1 t\u1eeb \u2018A\u2019 th\u00e0nh \u2018An\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPDATE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SET<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> FirstName = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">'An'<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> EmployeeID = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-xoa-b\u1ecf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-kh\u1ecfi-b\u1ea3ng-delete-from\"><strong>X\u00f3a b\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3ng (DELETE FROM)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh DELETE FROM cho ph\u00e9p x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 EmployeeID l\u00e0 1 ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3ng Employee, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DELETE<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> EmployeeID = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-truy-v\u1ea5n-b\u1eb1ng-data-query-language\"><b>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng <\/b><b>Data Query Language<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng (SELECT)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ec7nh SELECT cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng Employees, ta vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> * <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees;<\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1182\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-1-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-74078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-1-vippro.png 1182w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-1-vippro-300x40.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-1-vippro-700x94.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-1-vippro-200x27.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-1-vippro-100x13.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1182px) 100vw, 1182px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-truy-v\u1ea5n-b\u1eb1ng-data-control-language-nbsp\"><b>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng <\/b><b>Data Control Language&nbsp;<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u1ea5p-quy\u1ec1n-truy-c\u1eadp-cho-ng\u01b0\u1eddi-dung-grant\"><strong>C\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (GRANT) <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n SELECT v\u00e0 INSERT cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng User1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng Employees, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GRANT<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ON<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employees<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TO<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">User1;<\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thu-h\u1ed3i-quy\u1ec1n-truy-c\u1eadp-c\u1ee7a-ng\u01b0\u1eddi-dung-revoke\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Thu h\u1ed3i quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (REVOKE)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i quy\u1ec1n SELECT v\u00e0 INSERT c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng User1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng Employees ta vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">REVOKE<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ON<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employees<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">User1;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-truy-v\u1ea5n-b\u1eb1ng-transaction-control-language-tcl\"><b>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng <\/b><b>Transaction Control Language (TCL)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong b\u1ea3ng &#8220;Employees&#8221;. Trong giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt FirstName c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 &#8220;EmployeeID&#8221; l\u00e0 2 t\u1eeb &#8220;B&#8221; th\u00e0nh &#8220;C&#8221;. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 l\u01b0u thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8212; B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giao d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BEGIN<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> TRANSACTION;&nbsp;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8212; C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 EmployeeID l\u00e0 2 t\u1eeb &#8220;B&#8221; th\u00e0nh &#8220;C&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPDATE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SET<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> FirstName = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8216;C&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> EmployeeID = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;&nbsp;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8212; Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> * <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Employees&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> EmployeeID = <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;&nbsp;\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-74079\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-2-vippro.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1176\" height=\"108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-2-vippro.png 1176w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-2-vippro-300x28.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-2-vippro-700x64.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-2-vippro-200x18.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/sql-2-vippro-100x9.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1176px) 100vw, 1176px\" \/><\/figure><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8212; N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, l\u01b0u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COMMIT<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8212; N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong giao d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ROLLBACK<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-l\u01b0u-y-khi-truy-v\u1ea5n-b\u1eb1ng-sql\"><b>L\u01b0u \u00fd khi truy v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng SQL<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n commit hay rollback sau khi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c commit hay rollback th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng logic trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i code c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 truy v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u1ee8ng tuy\u1ec3n <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it\/database?utm_medium=anchor_text_mid&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_database&amp;utm_content=sql_database_la_gi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Database <\/a>ngay tr\u00ean ITviec<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u01b0u-di\u1ec3m-c\u1ee7a-sql-database\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu_diem_cua_SQL_Database\"><\/span><b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>D\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: SQL l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn , khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/strong>: SQL l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong>: SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trong SQL Database, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy v\u1ea5n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Linh ho\u1ea1t<\/strong>: SQL cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh ho\u1ea1t cao trong vi\u1ec7c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, x\u00f3a,&#8230; v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 (schema) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/strong>: Trong SQL Database, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 transaction<\/strong>: SQL Database h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> QL Database cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c: <\/strong>C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL Database lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-h\u1ea1n-ch\u1ebf-c\u1ee7a-sql-database\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Han_che_cua_SQL_Database\"><\/span><b>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a SQL Database<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang<\/strong>: SQL Database ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a SQL Database c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong>: SQL Database c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c do \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed cao cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 SQL Database th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong>: SQL ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u00edt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c video.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 SQL Database kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc SQL Database n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia IT.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>R\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: SQL Database th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/strong>: Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p SQL Database sang m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-linh-v\u1ef1c-ph\u1ed5-bi\u1ebfn-\u1ee9ng-d\u1ee5ng-sql-database\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_linh_vuc_pho_bien_ung_dung_SQL_Database\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng SQL Database<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL Database \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay. T\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng SQL Database \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL Database:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/strong>: SQL Database h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao d\u1ecbch an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL Database \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c<\/strong>: SQL Database c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-h\u1ec7-qu\u1ea3n-tr\u1ecb-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-sql-ph\u1ed5-bi\u1ebfn\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_he_quan_tri_co_so_du_lieu_SQL_pho_bien\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mysql\"><b>MySQL<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MySQL l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. Ngo\u00e0i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh SQL c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 transaction, MySQL c\u00f2n c\u00f3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed), cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 plugin \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-postgresql\"><b>PostgreSQL<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PostgreSQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Object-Relational DBMS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi MySQL. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh (Command-line interface) ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua web. PostgreSQL h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Windows, macOS v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Linux kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, PostgreSQL c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (stored procedure), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ean PL\/pgSQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a SQL \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/postgresql-vs-mysql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL vs MySQL: Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CSDL n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microsoft-sql-server\"><b>Microsoft SQL Server<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microsoft SQL Server l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Microsoft. SQL Server h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Windows v\u00e0 Linux, cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh (CLI) v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GUI). Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, Microsoft SQL Server th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SQL Server hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-oracle-database\"><b>Oracle Database<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oracle Database l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Oracle. Oracle Database h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh macOS, Windows v\u00e0 Linux, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-so-sanh-cac-h\u1ec7-qu\u1ea3n-tr\u1ecb-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-sql\"><b>So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><b><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mysql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MySQL<\/a><\/b><\/td><td><b>PostgreSQL<\/b><\/td><td><b><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/sql-server-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Microsoft SQL Server<\/a><\/b><\/td><td><b><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/oracle-database\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle Database<\/a><\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf (c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Oracle d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3ng)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3ng<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3ng (c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n Express Edition mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7 &#8211; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Object-relational)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u1ea5p &#8211; Trung b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trung b\u00ecnh &#8211; cao<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trung b\u00ecnh &#8211; cao<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trung b\u00ecnh &#8211; Cao<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch\/ m\u00f4 \u0111un m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch&nbsp;<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch nh\u01b0ng \u00edt linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n PostgreSQL v\u00e0 MySQL<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Oracle<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sql-database-vs-nosql\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SQL_Database_vs_NoSQL\"><\/span><b>SQL Database vs NoSQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL Database v\u00e0 NoSQL l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, trong khi NoSQL, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a &#8220;Not Only SQL&#8221;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi quan h\u1ec7, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa SQL Database v\u00e0 NoSQL:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><b>SQL Database<\/b><\/td><td><b>NoSQL<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phi quan h\u1ec7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\/ schema<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110a d\u1ea1ng (t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f3a &#8211; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c \u00edt x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t <\/span><b>th\u1ea5p<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> h\u01a1n v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t <\/span><b>cao<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp; vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i schema.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 <\/span><b>cao<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> h\u01a1n. SQL databases th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability), giao di\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 <\/span><b>th\u1ea5p <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">h\u01a1n. NoSQL databases c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (nh\u01b0 BASE &#8211; Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 SQL databases.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/nosql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NoSQL<\/a><\/strong><\/span><strong> l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0\u1eddng-g\u1eb7p\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sql-la-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-hay-la-sever\"><b>SQL l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay l\u00e0 sever?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, &#8220;m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7&#8221; th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a SQL v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-v\u1ecb-tri-it-nao-c\u1ea7n-k\u1ef9-nang-sql-database\"><b>C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed IT n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng SQL Database?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed IT c\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng SQL Database nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Database administrator)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 SQL \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Analyst)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, l\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Scientist)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Trong vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng SQL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t, ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software Engineer):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft SQL \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: Danh s\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it\/sql?utm_medium=anchor_text_low&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_sql&amp;utm_content=sql_database_la_gi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m SQL<\/a> m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ITviec<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ed5ng-k\u1ebft\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a SQL v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y nay. SQL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, SQL \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ITViec hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 SQL v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 SQL Database kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia IT, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":74067,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SQL Database - Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 SQL Database, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. 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