{"id":68315,"date":"2024-05-20T08:57:02","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T01:57:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=68315"},"modified":"2025-07-31T17:50:46","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T10:50:46","slug":"co-so-du-lieu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\" >C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Lich_su_phat_trien_cua_co_so_du_lieu\" >L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Co_so_du_lieu_dung_de_lam_gi\" >C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Co_so_du_lieu_hoat_dong_the_nao\" >C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Database_management_system_DBMS_la_gi\" >Database management system (DBMS) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Su_khac_biet_cua_co_so_du_lieu_va_spreadsheet\" >S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 spreadsheet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Cac_thanh_phan_co_ban_cua_co_so_du_lieu\" >C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Cac_loai_co_so_du_lieu\" >C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Thach_thuc_doi_voi_co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\" >Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_co_so_du_lieu\" >C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/#Tong_ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><em><strong>T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n tham gia v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Xem th\u00eam <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it\/data?utm_medium=anchor_text_high&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_data&amp;utm_content=co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Data<\/a><\/strong> ngay tr\u00ean ITviec!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-la-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\"><\/span><b>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (CSDL) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy c\u1eadp, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c CSDL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 giao d\u1ecbch b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CSDL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, CSDL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed-phat-tri\u1ec3n-c\u1ee7a-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lich_su_phat_trien_cua_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 CSDL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do IBM t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (relational database) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u Database Management Systems (DBMS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 1990, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">client-server <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CSDL r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 NoSQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00e0y nay, CSDL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-dung-d\u1ec3-lam-gi-nbsp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_so_du_lieu_dung_de_lam_gi\"><\/span><b>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/b><b>&nbsp;<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Customer relationship management)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf to\u00e1n<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ecdc sinh trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-ho\u1ea1t-d\u1ed9ng-th\u1ebf-nao\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_so_du_lieu_hoat_dong_the_nao\"><\/span><b>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Database Management Systems, nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00f4ng qua API (Application Programming Interface) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng, danh s\u00e1ch, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Database Management Systems, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c, truy xu\u1ea5t, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c truy xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong CSDL, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a DBMS.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 DBMS, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, x\u1eed l\u00fd, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u00f4ng tin theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-database-management-system-dbms-la-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Database_management_system_DBMS_la_gi\"><\/span><b>Database management system (DBMS) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Database Management Systems (DBMS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c CSDL. DBMS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp trung gian ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 truy xu\u1ea5t, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin, sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Database Management Systems l\u00e0 MySQL, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, FileMaker Pro, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System), phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a DBMS, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 (relational database), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-s\u1ef1-khac-bi\u1ec7t-c\u1ee7a-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-va-spreadsheet\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_khac_biet_cua_co_so_du_lieu_va_spreadsheet\"><\/span><b>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 spreadsheet<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 spreadsheet (b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td><td><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy v\u1ea5n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea7ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c h\u01a1n<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac<\/span><\/td><td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it\/database?utm_medium=anchor_text_mid&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_database&amp;utm_content=co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Database<\/a><\/strong> to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-thanh-ph\u1ea7n-c\u01a1-b\u1ea3n-c\u1ee7a-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_thanh_phan_co_ban_cua_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ph\u1ea7n-c\u1ee9ng-hardware\"><b>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng (Hardware)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ee9a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-software\"><b>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Software)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin ch\u1ee9a trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng (network software) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-data\"><b>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (Structured): D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (Semi-structured): D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb (tags) v\u00e0 si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (metadata). D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u web, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u XML, JSON, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi log, v\u00e0 email.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (Unstructured): D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 video, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ngon-ng\u1eef-truy-v\u1ea5n-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-data-access-language\"><b>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data access language)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, x\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n, SQL (Structured Query Language) l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong NoSQL, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 MongoDB Query Language cho MongoDB, ho\u1eb7c Cypher cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Neo4j.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quy-trinh-procedures\"><b>Quy tr\u00ecnh (Procedures)<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-68463\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3814\" height=\"4086\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro.png\" alt=\"co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan\" class=\"wp-image-68463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro.png 3814w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro-280x300.png 280w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro-1120x1200.png 597w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro-187x200.png 187w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro-1912x2048.png 598w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro-93x100.png 93w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/co-so-du-lieu-thanh-phan-vippro-420x450.png 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3814px) 100vw, 3814px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n CSDL.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-lo\u1ea1i-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-quan-h\u1ec7-relational-database\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (Relational Database)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong Relational Databases, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relational Databases cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mysql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>MySQL<\/strong><\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/postgresql-vs-mysql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mysql-server-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQL Server<\/a><\/strong>,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-h\u01b0\u1edbng-d\u1ed1i-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-object-oriented-database\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Object-Oriented Database)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Object-Oriented Database \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 db4o, ObjectDB,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-phan-tan-distributed-database\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (Distributed Database)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distributed Database \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distributed Database c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Cassandra, <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/mongodb-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>MongoDB<\/strong><\/a>\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-data-warehouses\"><strong>Data Warehouses <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, Data Warehouses c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 data warehouses l\u00e0 Amazon Redshift, Snowflake\u2026&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-nosql-nosql-database\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL (NoSQL Database)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, NoSQL cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Document Store nh\u01b0 MongoDB l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Wide-column Store nh\u01b0 Cassandra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9t thay v\u00ec h\u00e0ng. Graph Database nh\u01b0 Neo4j l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb. Key-Value Store nh\u01b0 Redis l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 NoSQL m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/nosql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>NoSQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi NoSQL l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u?<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cac-loai-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u01afu \u2013 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/hoc-nosql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc NoSQL: C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/rdbms-vs-nosql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>RDBMS vs NoSQL: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, So s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-d\u1ed3-th\u1ecb-graph-databases\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb (Graph Databases)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Graph Databases l\u00e0 Neo4j, Amazon Neptune,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-oltp-oltp-database\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u OLTP (OLTP Database)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 OLTP l\u00e0 Oracle Database, SQL Server,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-ma-ngu\u1ed3n-m\u1edf-open-source-databases\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf (Open Source Databases)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 SQL ho\u1eb7c NoSQL databases. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i CSDL m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf.. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Open Source Database l\u00e0 MySQL, PostgreSQL,&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-dam-may-cloud-databases\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y (Cloud Databases)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y lai. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Cloud Database bao g\u1ed3m Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQL\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thach-th\u1ee9c-d\u1ed1i-v\u1edbi-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-la-gi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thach_thuc_doi_voi_co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\"><\/span><b>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u,&nbsp;nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 CSDL hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-x\u1eed-ly-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-kh\u1ed5ng-l\u1ed3-va-s\u1ed1-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-ng\u01b0\u1eddi-dung-dang-tang-len\"><b>X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc CSDL ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean CSDL.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 in-memory computing ho\u1eb7c CSDL ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. In-memory computing l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb RAM c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thay v\u00ec tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 do \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c (indexing) c\u1ee7a CSDL gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.&nbsp; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a CSDL \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-thach-th\u1ee9c-trong-vi\u1ec7c-ti\u1ebfp-c\u1eadn-va-s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><b>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u01a1 s\u1edf D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t CSDL \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn CSDL \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Database Administrator v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-v\u1ea5n-d\u1ec1-b\u1ea3o-m\u1eadt\"><b>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1 ca vi ph\u1ea1m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gia t\u0103ng, hacker ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tinh vi, \u0111e d\u1ecda an ninh th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-d\u1ea3m-b\u1ea3o-truy-c\u1eadp-va-hi\u1ec7u-su\u1ea5t-nh\u1ea5t-quan\"><b>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc CSDL c\u00f3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cao khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 caching (b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m) v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i cao.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-d\u1ea3m-b\u1ea3o-kh\u1ea3-nang-m\u1edf-r\u1ed9ng-linh-ho\u1ea1t\"><b>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng CSDL tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-d\u1ea3m-b\u1ea3o-kh\u1ea3-nang-tich-h\u1ee3p-va-phan-tich-hi\u1ec7u-qu\u1ea3\"><b>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng IoT (Internet of things) v\u00e0 camera gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Customer relationship management), vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cau-h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0\u1eddng-g\u1eb7p-v\u1ec1-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_co_so_du_lieu\"><\/span><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ph\u1ea7n-m\u1ec1m-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u-la-gi\"><b>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m CSDL, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Database Management Systems (DBMS), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ghi, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra, nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, khi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng CSDL c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cac-y\u1ebfu-t\u1ed1-nao-\u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng-d\u1ebfn-hi\u1ec7u-su\u1ea5t-c\u1ee7a-c\u01a1-s\u1edf-d\u1eef-li\u1ec7u\"><b>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u?<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (Workload): S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DBMS t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eeb gi\u1edd n\u00e0y qua gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Throughput) l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee9ng (soft ho\u1eb7c hard capping) tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (Resources): M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-t\u1ed5ng-k\u1ebft\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch? \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i Share v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e9.<br>V\u00e0 nhanh tay tham kh\u1ea3o\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/viec-lam-it?utm_medium=anchor_text_low&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_campaign=viec_lam_it&amp;utm_content=co_so_du_lieu_la_gi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m IT<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u201cch\u1ea5t\u201d tr\u00ean ITviec!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":68462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, v\u1edbi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/co-so-du-lieu-la-gi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ITviec Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ITviec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-20T01:57:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-31T10:50:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Thumbnail-co-so-du-lieu-vippro.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"3959\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2084\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"M\u1ef9 Duy\u00ean\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ITviec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ITviec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"M\u1ef9 Duy\u00ean\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"23 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i - 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