{"id":67334,"date":"2024-04-27T17:12:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T10:12:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=67334"},"modified":"2024-10-01T14:44:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T07:44:15","slug":"layer-1-trong-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Layer 1 trong Blockchain: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a V\u00e0 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/#Cac_layer_trong_Blockchain_la_gi\" >C\u00e1c layer trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/#Layer_1_trong_Blockchain_la_gi\" >Layer 1 trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/#Uu_diem_va_Nhuoc_diem_cua_layer_1_trong_Blockchain\" >\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a layer 1 trong Blockchain\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/#Su_khac_nhau_giua_layer_1_va_layer_2_trong_Blockchain\" >S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa layer 1 v\u00e0 layer 2 trong Blockchain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/#Mot_so_vi_du_layer_1_trong_Blockchain\" >M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 layer 1 trong Blockchain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/#Cac_cau_hoi_ve_layer_1_trong_Blockchain_thuong_gap\" >C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong Blockchain th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/#Tong_ket_layer_1_trong_Blockchain\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft layer 1 trong Blockchain<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><b><i>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong Blockchain &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Blockchain. Tuy nhi\u00ean, layer 1 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Blockchain. C\u00f9ng ITviec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Blockchain, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa layer 1 v\u00e0 layer 2, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 layer 1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 1 trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a layer 1 trong Blockchain\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c layer 0,1,2<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 layer 1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_layer_trong_Blockchain_la_gi\"><\/span><b> C\u00e1c layer trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u layer kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/blockchain-la-gi\/\">Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/lo-trinh-hoc-blockchain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>H\u1ecdc Blockchain: L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Blockchain \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c layer c\u1ee7a blockchain bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 0 &#8211; C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 1 \u2013 Blockchain\/M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 2 \u2013 C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a blockchain (ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 3 \u2013 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung (dApps)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67496 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/layer-1-trong-blockchain-vippro.png\" alt=\"c\u00e1c layer blockchain - layer 1 trong blockchain - itviec blog\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/layer-1-trong-blockchain-vippro.png 1500w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/layer-1-trong-blockchain-vippro-250x300.png 250w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/layer-1-trong-blockchain-vippro-1001x1200.png 534w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/layer-1-trong-blockchain-vippro-167x200.png 167w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/layer-1-trong-blockchain-vippro-83x100.png 83w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/layer-1-trong-blockchain-vippro-375x450.png 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, m\u1ea1ng blockchain s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng layer 1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, layer 1 trong blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Layer_1_trong_Blockchain_la_gi\"><\/span><strong>Layer 1 trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain layer 1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chain ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c node ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, layer 1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t blockchain kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i node n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 Proof of Work c\u1ee7a Bitcoin ho\u1eb7c Proof of Stake c\u1ee7a Ethereum 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethereum \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Proof of Work (PoW) sang Proof of Stake (PoS) th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8216;The Merge&#8217;, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t blockchain an to\u00e0n, minh b\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Khi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean Blockchain layer 1, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1edbn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Bitcoin, Ethereum, Avalanche v\u00e0 Cardano, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean layer. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean Layer 1 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t block<\/strong>: C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a blockchain &#8211; c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c miner (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c validator) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean layer 1 trong blockchain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch (Transaction finality)<\/strong>: L\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hu\u1ef7 ngang) tr\u00ean chain, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c<\/strong>: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho miner\/validator tr\u00ean blockchain Layer 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 coin, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh layer n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean Layer 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 token.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong>: Blockchain Layer 1 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch validator ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c layer blockchain kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng Layer 1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 Layer 1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a blockchain. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0:<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed1i\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 blockchain ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Layer 1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt code c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc block, cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Bitcoin Cash (BCH) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc block t\u1eeb 1 MB l\u00ean 32 MB \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n 100 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a blockchain l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Bitcoin, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ghi l\u1ea1i block ti\u1ebfp theo trong blockchain, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof of Work \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethereum ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PoW, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof of Stake (PoS), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c nodes c\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi Ether (ETH) l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh (Sharding)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cho ph\u00e9p chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u blockchain \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a layer 1 trong blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uu_diem_va_Nhuoc_diem_cua_layer_1_trong_Blockchain\"><\/span><b> \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a layer 1 trong Blockchain\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 layer 1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m qua nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong blockchain:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m layer 1 trong Blockchain<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a blockchain 1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean blockchain, layer 1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb b\u00ean trung gian, nh\u01b0 thao t\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t phi t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a layer 1 c\u0169ng trang b\u1ecb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng hack cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng blockchain, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a blockchain layer 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi blockchain layer 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi layer 1, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean blockchain, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, blockchain layer 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain layer 1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch. Layer n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 quan trung \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m layer 1 trong Blockchain<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 blockchain layer 1 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ng:\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ng, khi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3ng (t\u1ee9c chia nh\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd sang c\u00e1c sidechain ho\u1eb7c layer kh\u00e1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>T\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain layer 1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof of Work (PoW), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof of Stake (PoS).<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi blockchain layer 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh (sharding) ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c node \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u00fap c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Blockchain Developer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_khac_nhau_giua_layer_1_va_layer_2_trong_Blockchain\"><\/span><b>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa layer 1 v\u00e0 layer 2 trong Blockchain<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>Layer 1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Layer 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain layer 1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed phi t\u1eadp trung, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Bitcoin, Ethereum, hay Cardano.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c blockchain n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn chung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Proof of Work (PoW) ho\u1eb7c Proof of Stake (PoS).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain layer 2 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p layer 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c layer 2 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng layer 1 nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Polygon (layer tr\u00ean Ethereum) v\u00e0 Lightning Network c\u1ee7a Bitcoin.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed1i, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c rollup, k\u00eanh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch side chain.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00ed gas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: left;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_so_vi_du_layer_1_trong_Blockchain\"><\/span><b>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 layer 1 trong Blockchain<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong blockchain, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c dApps quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c layer n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bitcoin:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Layer 1 c\u1ee7a Bitcoin l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof of Work (PoW), t\u1ee9c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c block m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Bitcoin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng phi t\u1eadp trung, an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ethereum:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 2 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng blockchain layer 1 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh, gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Ethereum ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof of Work (PoW) nh\u01b0 Bitcoin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c minh Proof of Stake (PoS) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ethereum \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/roadmap\/merge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">99,95%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/algorandtechnologies.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Algorand<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Algorand l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho blockchain layer b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Proof of Stake thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c miner ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c validator, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cardano:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardano l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng blockchain layer 1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Proof of Stake (PoS). N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u00ed gas r\u1ebb, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n cao, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c ADA cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardano c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 250 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi 15 giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ethereum.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>BNB:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BNB Chain bao g\u1ed3m phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Binance Chain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p, Binance Smart Chain, ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi Binance ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a DEX b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p giao d\u1ecbch nhanh v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung th\u00f4ng qua blockchain layer 1. Sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Binance Chain \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh Binance Smart Chain \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Ethereum v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung (dApps).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_cau_hoi_ve_layer_1_trong_Blockchain_thuong_gap\"><\/span><b> C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong Blockchain <\/b><b>th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c layer-1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn blockchain<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a blockchain layer 1 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o blockchain. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Proof of Work (PoW) ho\u1eb7c Proof of Stake (PoS), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>Layer-1 trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blockchain layer 1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng blockchain, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chain ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>Layer-1, layer-2, layer-3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp 1: Blockchain layer 1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng blockchain, gi\u00fap v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong layer 1. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 layer tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano v\u00e0 Ripple, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c blockchain kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp 2: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c blockchain c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, layer 2 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ng POW. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 layer 2 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1edbp 3: Layer 3 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef dAapps v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi layer n\u00e0y, giao th\u1ee9c blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai l\u1edbp con quan tr\u1ecdng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Layer 1 trong Blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p: C\u00e1c layer 1 nh\u01b0 Bitcoin v\u00e0 Ethereum n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng cao. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Proof of Work (PoW) ho\u1eb7c Proof of Stake (PoS), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: Layer 1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 token ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: Layer 1 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: Layer 1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ph\u00ed cao n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean: Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c skate tr\u00ean Layer 1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket_layer_1_trong_Blockchain\"><\/span><b> T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft layer 1 trong Blockchain<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong blockchain, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa layer 1 v\u00e0 layer 2, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, m\u1ed7i layer c\u1ee7a blockchain \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac blockchain nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u00eam l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/ung-dung-blockchain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a blockchain<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sp-no-webp wp-image-5668 aligncenter sp-no-webp entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-60x60.png 60w\" alt=\"robby-2\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-60x60.png 60w\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"block-bdf220a1-3635-4794-9101-81d879939b92\" class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch? \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i Share v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"block-a1315aab-406f-48df-97fc-6b9584e6e134\" class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>V\u00e0 nhanh tay tham kh\u1ea3o\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/itviec.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m IT<\/a>\u00a0\u201cch\u1ea5t\u201d tr\u00ean ITviec<\/strong>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong Blockchain &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Blockchain. Tuy nhi\u00ean, layer 1 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Blockchain. C\u00f9ng ITviec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":206,"featured_media":67490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Layer 1 trong Blockchain - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong blockchain l\u00e0 g\u00ec, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a layer 1 trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Blockchain, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa layer 1 v\u00e0 layer 2.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/layer-1-trong-blockchain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Layer 1 trong Blockchain: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a V\u00e0 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 layer 1 trong Blockchain - \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Blockchain. 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