{"id":66533,"date":"2024-04-20T21:09:21","date_gmt":"2024-04-20T14:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/?p=66533"},"modified":"2024-04-20T21:09:21","modified_gmt":"2024-04-20T14:09:21","slug":"thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL: Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#Thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL_la_gi\" >Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#Diem_manh_cua_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\" >\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#Cach_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_RDBMS_va_NoSQL_co_gi_khac_nhau\" >C\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u RDBMS v\u00e0 NoSQL c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#Cac_quy_tac_khi_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\" >C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#5_mau_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL_thong_dung_nhat\" >5 m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#Cac_buoc_thiet_ke_schema_cho_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\" >C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf schema cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#Cac_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\" >C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/#Tong_ket\" >T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (RDBMS). Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf schema cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL_la_gi\"><\/span><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/nosql-la-gi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>NoSQL<\/strong><\/a> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (RDBMS), n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf NoSQL database th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (primary key), quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng (field) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c index v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y (tree), m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (graph) ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian (time-series).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diem_manh_cua_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\"><\/span><b>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL l\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo th\u1eddi gian, khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n schema l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/uu-diem-cua-nosql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a NoSQL<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_RDBMS_va_NoSQL_co_gi_khac_nhau\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u RDBMS v\u00e0 NoSQL c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-66534 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-sql-vippro.png\" alt=\"thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nosql\" width=\"1876\" height=\"1216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-sql-vippro.png 1876w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-sql-vippro-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-sql-vippro-1600x1037.png 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-sql-vippro-200x130.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-sql-vippro-100x65.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1876px) 100vw, 1876px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL v\u00e0 RDBMS (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SQL). (Ngu\u1ed3n: @scylladb)<\/p>\n<h3><b>RDBMS<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac schema c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <\/span>thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (normalization) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi schema v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>NoSQL<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n &#8216;\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc&#8217; ho\u1eb7c &#8216;API tr\u01b0\u1edbc&#8217;, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thay v\u00ec chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u00ec NoSQL th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Key-value, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Column-family v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb (Graph) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_quy_tac_khi_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy c\u1eadp h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf NoSQL database y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef theo key-value, theo column-family, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_mau_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL_thong_dung_nhat\"><\/span><b>5 m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/cac-loai-co-so-du-lieu-nosql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><b>M\u1eabu Key-value<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf NoSQL database \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eabu key-value. Trong m\u1eabu n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i danh s\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu key-value l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecbnh danh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu key-value \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u caching.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u1eabu T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u (Document)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong m\u1eabu n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. M\u1eabu n\u00e0y c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t collection c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean blog.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u1eabu T\u1ed5 H\u1ee3p (Aggregate)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch hay m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u1eabu Bucket<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu bucket l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t collection b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu bucket h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edt truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00edt s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong truy v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu bucket \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>M\u1eabu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (Graph)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh. M\u1eabu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i qua c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eabu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_buoc_thiet_ke_schema_cho_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf schema cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng NoSQL kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf schema do t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf schema v\u1eabn mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Schema gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c logic c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf schema trong NoSQL:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Containers<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, &#8220;container&#8221; \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng trong RDBMS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c Containers d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Query Patterns: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c container d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i container ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Container: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o container t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t module\/class code \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t container cho m\u1ed7i truy v\u1ea5n so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t container \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u truy v\u1ea5n. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <\/span>thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (denormalization) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf NoSQL.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-66537 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-container-vippro.jpg\" alt=\"thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nosql\" width=\"450\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-container-vippro.jpg 450w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-container-vippro-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-container-vippro-200x192.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-container-vippro-100x96.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">C\u00e1ch Container ch\u1ee9a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL. (Ngu\u1ed3n: @henriquesd.medium.com)<\/p>\n<h3><b>2. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00fang (Embedding) ho\u1eb7c tham chi\u1ebfu (Referencing) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c containers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 , ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 1-1 (One-to-One),\u00a0 quan h\u1ec7 1-nhi\u1ec1u (One-to-Many) hay quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u (Many-to-Many) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (entities) v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Embedding v\u00e0 Referencing d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-66540 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-tham-chieu-vippro.jpg\" alt=\"thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nosql\" width=\"1024\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-tham-chieu-vippro.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-tham-chieu-vippro-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-tham-chieu-vippro-700x187.jpg 640w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-tham-chieu-vippro-200x54.jpg 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/nosql-tham-chieu-vippro-100x27.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">D\u00f9ng tham chi\u1ebfu (Referencing) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. (Ngu\u1ed3n: @datensen)<\/p>\n<h3><b>3. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Primary Keys<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m Primary Keys \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Primary Keys \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Primary Keys \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c tham gia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>4. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Indexes<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c Indexes d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khai th\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u Indexes cho m\u1ed7i truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c Indexes \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Indexes ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 B-Tree, Array, Geo-spatial v\u00e0 Full Text Search.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_thiet_ke_co_so_du_lieu_NoSQL\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 <\/b><b>thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong NoSQL nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NoSQL bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh, v\u00ec v\u1eady chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u1eadt l\u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Key-value: m\u1ed7i danh s\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Document: t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 JSON ho\u1eb7c XML. M\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graph: bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Column-Family: l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t thay v\u00ec h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n theo c\u1ed9t.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed NoSQL kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NoSQL th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c trang web th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed NoSQL h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf SQL cho m\u1ed9t trang web th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t trang web mua s\u1eafm th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n l\u1ecdc theo ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u. <\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi t\u00ecm \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u1ecdc theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng SQL \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 truy v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nhanh.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mua s\u1eafm NoSQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_ket\"><\/span><b>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan h\u1ec7 (RDBMS) v\u00e0 NoSQL. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf schema c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"sp-no-webp wp-image-5668 aligncenter sp-no-webp entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-60x60.png 60w\" alt=\"robby-2\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2.png 300w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/itviec.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Robby2-60x60.png 60w\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"block-bdf220a1-3635-4794-9101-81d879939b92\" class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch? \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i Share v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"block-a1315aab-406f-48df-97fc-6b9584e6e134\" class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>V\u00e0 nhanh tay tham kh\u1ea3o\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/itviec.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m IT<\/a>\u00a0\u201cch\u1ea5t\u201d tr\u00ean ITviec<\/strong>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (RDBMS). Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":66538,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-mon-it"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.8 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL: Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft - ITviec Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi RDBMS. 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